ASTM_D_3904_-_90_scan.pdf

ASTM D3904 90 0759530 0057846 0 4 Desigm3tisn:D 8964-90 A,AER,CAN SOCIETY FOR TE4TINO AND MATERIALS Wlt3 Waco SI.lWod3lphia.PO.19103 An r+uimwn Mew SWd Roprinled horn Iho Annual Sooh of ASW SIancOrds,COQYrl AS7t.t If not IiatoQ In tho curfont combined Index,will aopaar tn tha 1x1&ton.This srandard is issued under the fixed designation D 3904:the number immediately following the designation indicates 1ke year of ortginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(0 indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of oil,water,and spent shale obtained upon prescribed heating of a representative oil shale sample that has been crushed to an appropriate size(2.36 mm or 8 mesh).The amount of gas evolved can be calculated from data obtained in this procedure.This test method is appli-cable to oil shale,which upon heating evolves licprid and gaseous products(Note 1).It has been tested over the range 19 to 227 L/Mg(5 to 60 gal/ton)of oil.NOTE I-The test method does not include procedures for identi-fying the nature of the gas.1.2 The test method neither yields quantities that neces-sarily duplicate yields in experimental or commercial oil-shale processes nor does it yield products that necessarily duplicate in physical or chemical nature the products that may be obtained in such experimental or commercial processes.1.3 This standard muy involve hazardous-materials,oper-ations,and equipment.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use.It is the responsibility OJ the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazard statements,see Notes 4 through 4.2.Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:D 346 Test Methods for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory Analysis D 1250 Petroleum Measurement Tables3 D 1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method(Laboratory Procedure)D 2013 Test Method for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis2 E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-poses4 3.Terminology 3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:r This test method is under the iurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee DOZ.05 on Properties of Fuels,Petroleum Coke,and Oil Shale.Current edition approved April 27,1990.Published June 1990.Originally published as D 3904-80.Last previous edition D 3904-85.*Annrral Book of ASTM Standards,VolO5.05.Anmral Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.01.4 Annual Book ojASTM Standards,Vol 14.02.3.11 QSSay-the determination of the potential yield of a specific component from a resource material.3.12 gas-plus-loss-a term covering.evolved gases not condensed at 0%3C plus experimental error.In addition to experimental error,gas-plus-loss values arise from organic material and from minerals present in the oil shale that may release hydrogen sulfide I,)or carbon dioxide(C02).An example of these minerals are:dolomite(CaMg(CO,),)and pyrite(Fe2).3.1.3 oil shale-a sedimentary rock containing insoluble organic matter that upon heating yields an oil similar to petroleum.3.1.4 resource evaluation-=+valatio of an oil shale re-source is the determination of the approximate oil resource present in the deposit.Oil yield assay results combined with stratigraphic and geographic distribution permit estimation of a shale oil respurce.3.1.5 shale oil-the organic liquid-obtained from the retorting of oil shale.4.Summary of Test Method 4.1 Crushed raw shale is sampled by riffle-splitting.The determination of the amount of oil available from oil shale is made by heating the raw shale from ambient temperature to 500C in cast aluminum-alloy retorts.The vapors distilled from the sample are cooled and the condensed fraction is collected.The oil and water fractions are separated,the water volume(converted to weight equivalent)is measured and subtracted from the oil plus water weight.The weight of uncondensable gases evolved(gas-plus-loss)is then calcu-lated by difference.5.Bipilhme and Use 5.1 This test method provides standardized data useful for oil-shale resource evaluation and is useful as a basis of comparing the oil-producing capabilities of oil shales.5.2 Because the U.S.Department of Energy,Laramie Energy Technology Center(formerly a U.S.Bureau of Mines Laboratory)has developed an extensive record of data concerning the properties of oil shales from various regions by the use of this test method,the test method provides a means of comparing oil shale deposits.5.3 The extensive use of the procedure makes it a basis for standardizing other evaluation methods for oil shale,6.Interferences 6.1 An erroneously high gas-plus-loss value will be