ASTM_D_387_-_00_2008.pdf

Designation:D38700(Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forColor and Strength of Chromatic Pigments with aMechanical Muller1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D387;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method is intended to be used to compare thecolor and strength of a pigment under test with a referencestandard of the same type and grade.1.2 This test method does not apply to white pigments.NOTE1Test Method D3022 is similar to this test method,but itutilizes a miniature sandmill rather than a mechanical muller,to dispersethe chromatic pigment.NOTE2Test Method D332 and Test Method D2745 are similar to thistest method,but they are intended for use with white pigments,rather thanchromatic pigments.1.3 The values stated in SI units are the preferred unit ofmeasurement.The values given in parentheses are for infor-mation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazardstatements are given in Section 8.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D332 Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of WhitePigments by Visual ObservationD1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD2745 Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of WhitePigments by Reflectance MeasurementsD3022 Test Method for Color and Strength of Color Pig-ments by Use of a Miniature SandmillD3964 Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens forAppearance MeasurementsD4838 Test Method for Determining the Relative TintingStrength of Chromatic PaintsE284 Terminology of Appearance3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of appearance terms used in this test methodmay be found in Terminology E284.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Pigments are dispersed in a suitable vehicle with amechanical muller.Test and standard pigments are treatedidentically.Opaque drawdowns are made from the dispersionsand compared,either visually or instrumentally,for color andstrength differences.5.Significance and Use5.1 Color and tinting strength are the most important prop-erties of a color pigment.This test method provides a means oftesting these properties for quality control.5.2 This test method is intended as a referee method so thatsuch matters as the vehicle for preparing the dispersions andthe white for making tints have been suggested.However,other vehicles and whites may be suitable for quality controlpurposes,and changes in this test method are allowed byagreement between the parties to a test.5.3 It is assumed that the most exact comparison of masscolor and tinting strength occurs when the pigment is com-pletely dispersed.By following the procedure described inAnnexA1,the conditions for achieving the maximum practicaldegree of dispersion with a mechanical muller may be deter-mined.Color and strength tests should be carried out underthese conditions.5.4 The results obtained with a mechanical muller do notnecessarily correlate directly with an industrial situation wheredifferent dispersing conditions exist.However,dispersion with1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties.Current edition approved Feb.1,2008.Published March 2008.Originallyapproved in 1934.Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D387 00.DOI:10.1520/D0387-00R08.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 a mechanical muller is a quick and inexpensive way of testingthe color and strength of a pigment for routine quality control.6.Apparatus6.1 Balances(1)A balance sensitive to 10 mg and(2)ananalytical balance sensitive to 1.0 mg.6.2 Muller,Mechanical,equipped with ground-glass platesto which a variable but known force may be added in 220-N(50-lbf)increments.The driven glass plate shall have a speedof rotation of between 70 and 120 r/min and the apparatus shallhave an arrangement for pre-setting the number of revolutionsin multiples of 50.6.3 Rubbing SurfacesThe rubbing surfaces of the gro