ASTM_D_381_-_12.pdf

Designation:D38112Standard Test Method forGum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D381;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the existentgum content of aviation fuels,and the gum content of motorgasolines or other volatile distillates in their finished form,(including those containing alcohol and ether type oxygenatesand deposit control additivessee Note 7 for additionalinformation)at the time of test.1.2 Provisions are made for the determination of the heptaneinsoluble portion of the residue of non-aviation fuels.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3.1 The accepted SI unit of pressure is the Pascal(Pa);theaccepted SI unit for temperature is degrees Celsius.1.4 WARNINGMercury has been designated by manyregulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system,kidney and liver damage.Mercury,orits vapor,may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials.Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury containing products.See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)for details and EPAswebsitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor addi-tional information.Users should be aware that selling mercuryand/or mercury containing products into your state or countrymay be prohibited by law.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specificwarning statements,see 6.4,7.4,and 9.1.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Energy Institute Standard:3IP Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of PetroleumProductsIP 540 Determination of the existent gum content of aviationturbine fuel jet evaporation method3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 existent gum,nthe evaporation residue of aviationfuels,without any further treatment.3.2 For non-aviation fuels,the following definitions apply.3.3 solvent washed gum content,nthe residue remainingwhen the evaporation residue(see 3.4)has been washed withheptane and the washings discarded.3.3.1 DiscussionFor motor gasoline or non-aviationgasoline,solvent washed gum content was previously referredto as existent gum.3.4 unwashed gum content,nthe evaporation residue ofthe product or component under test,without any furthertreatment.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 When testing either aviation or motor gasoline,a 50 60.5 mL quantity of fuel is evaporated under controlled condi-tions of temperature and flow of air(see Table 1).When testing1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved April 15,2012.Published May 2012.Originallyapproved in 1934.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D38109.DOI:10.1520/D0381-12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Energy Institute,61 New Cavendish St.,London,WIG 7AR,U.K.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 aviation turbine fuel,a 50 6 0.5 mL quantity of fuel isevaporated under controlled conditions of temperature andflow of steam(see Table 1).For aviation gasoline and aviationturbine fuel,the resulting residue is weighed and reported asmilligrams per 100 mL.For motor gasoline,the residue isweighed before and after extracting with heptane and theresults reported as milligrams per 100 mL.NOTE1Specification D1655 allows the existent gum of aviationturbine fuels to be determined by either Test Method D381 or IP 540,withTest Method D381 identified as the referee test method.Test Method D381specifically requires the use of steam as the evaporating medium foraviation turbine fuels,whereas IP 540 allows either air or steam as