ASTM_D_4439_-_15a.pdf

Designation:D443915aStandard Terminology forGeosynthetics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4439;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Referenced Documents1.1 ASTM Standards:2C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesD1987 Test Method for Biological Clogging of Geotextile orSoil/Geotextile FiltersD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products(RECPs)for TestingD4491/D4491M Test Methods for Water Permeability ofGeotextiles by PermittivityD4533/D4533M TestMethodforTrapezoidTearingStrength of GeotextilesD4594/D4594M Test Method for Effects of Temperature onStability of GeotextilesD4595 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles bythe Wide-Width Strip MethodD4632/D4632M Test Method for Grab Breaking Load andElongation of GeotextilesD4716/D4716M Test Method for Determining the(In-plane)Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivityof a Geosynthetic Using a Constant HeadD4751 Test Method for DeterminingApparent Opening Sizeof a GeotextileD4759 Practice for Determining the Specification Confor-mance of GeosyntheticsD4833/D4833M Test Method for Index Puncture Resistanceof Geomembranes and Related ProductsD4873 Guide for Identification,Storage,and Handling ofGeosynthetic Rolls and SamplesD4884/D4884M Test Method for Strength of Sewn orBonded Seams of GeotextilesD4885 Test Method for Determining Performance Strengthof Geomembranes by the Wide Strip Tensile MethodD5101 Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compat-ibility of Soil-Geotextile SystemsD5141 Test Method for Determining Filtering Efficiency andFlow Rate of the Filtration Component of a SedimentRetention DeviceD5262 Test Method for Evaluating the Unconfined TensionCreep and Creep Rupture Behavior of GeosyntheticsD5322 Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures forEvaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics toLiquidsD5323 Practice for Determination of 2%Secant Modulusfor Polyethylene GeomembranesD5397 Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resis-tance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Con-stant Tensile Load TestD5494 Test Method for the Determination of Pyramid Punc-ture Resistance of Unprotected and Protected Geomem-branesD5496 Practice for In Field Immersion Testing of Geosyn-theticsD5514/D5514M Test Method for Large Scale HydrostaticPuncture Testing of GeosyntheticsD5567 Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio(HCR)Testing of Soil/Geotextile SystemsD5594 Test Method for Determination of the Vinyl AcetateContent of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate(EVA)Copolymers byFourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR)D5617 Test Method for Multi-Axial Tension Test for Geo-syntheticsD5641 Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation byVacuum ChamberD5747/D5747M Practice for Tests to Evaluate the ChemicalResistance of Geomembranes to LiquidsD5818 Practice for Exposure and Retrieval of Samples toEvaluate Installation Damage of GeosyntheticsD5820 Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation ofDual Seamed GeomembranesD5994/D5994M Test Method for Measuring Core Thicknessof Textured Geomembranes1.2 Federal Standard:3Federal Standard 751a Stitches,Seams,and Stitchings1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of D35 on Geosynthetics and is thedirect responsibility of D35.93 on Editorial and Terminology.Current edition approved Sept.1,2015.Published September 2015.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4439 15.DOI:10.1520/D4439-15A.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from DLA Document Services,Building 4/D,700 Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia,PA 19111-5094,http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 2.Terminologyabsorption,nthe process by which a liquid is drawn into andtends to fill permeable pores in a porous solid body,also,theincrease in mass of a porous solid body resulting frompenetration of a liquid into its permeable pores.C125aerobic,na condition in which a measurable volume of air ispresent in the incubation chamber or system.D1987anaerobic,na condition in which no measurable volume ofair is present in the incubation chamber or system.D1987apparent opening size(AOS),O95,nfor a geotextile,aproperty which indicates the approximate largest particlethat would effectively pass through the geotextile.D4751atmosphere for testing geosynthetics,nair maintained at arelative humidity between 50 to 70%and a temperature of21 6 2C(70 6 4F).D4439,D4751,D5494back flushing,na process by which liquid is forced i