ASTM_D_4048_-_22.pdf

Designation:D404822Standard Test Method forDetection of Copper Corrosion from Lubricating Grease1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4048;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the detection of the corrosive-ness to copper of lubricating grease.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific warning statements,see Sections 7,8,and 10.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid FuelsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products,LiquidFuels,and Lubricants2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Copper Strip Corrosion Standard33.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSee Terminology D4175.3.2 copper corrosion,neffect of a chemical attack oncopper metal by a lubricant causing various levels of tarnishingand change in appearance.3.2.1 DiscussionAcidic and other aggressive species,of-ten sulfur-based,in a lubricant can attack copper or copperalloys present in bearings or other lubricated surfaces.Thepresence of this antagonistic interaction is often apparent in awell-defined series of color changes.3.3 lubricant,nany material interposed between two sur-faces that reduces the friction or wear between them.3.4 lubricating grease,na semi-fluid to solid product of adispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.4.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms atwo-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant bysurface tension and other physical forces.Other ingredients arecommonly included to impart special properties.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A prepared copper strip is totally immersed in a sampleof grease and heated in an oven or liquid bath at a specifiedtemperature for a definite period of time.Commonly usedconditions are 100 C 6 1 C(212 F 6 2 F)for 24 h 65 min.At the end of this heating period,the strip is removed,washed,and compared with the Copper Strip Corrosion Stan-dard.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method measures the tendency of lubricatinggrease to corrode copper under specific static conditions.Itmay be of some value in predicting possible chemical attack onlubricated parts,such as bearings that contain copper or copperalloys.Such corrosion,for example,can cause prematurebearing failures.However,no correlations with actual fieldservice,most of which are under dynamic conditions,havebeen established.It does not measure either the ability of thelubricant to inhibit copper corrosion caused by factors otherthan the lubricant itself nor does it measure the stability of thegrease in the presence of copper.NOTE1Because this test method requires the ability to determine1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.G0.01 on Chemical and General Laboratory Tests.Current edition approved Aug.15,2022.Published September 2022.Originallypublished in 1981.Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D4048 19a.DOI:10.1520/D4048-22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJD0130.Originally produced in 1973.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Orga