ASTM_D_4497_-_10.pdf

Designation:D449710Standard Test Method forDetermining the Open Time of Hot Melt Adhesives(ManualMethod)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4497;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the manual determination of theopen-time range of hot-melt adhesives under the stated condi-tions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D907 Terminology of AdhesivesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany of the terms found in this testmethod are defined in Terminology D907.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 open time,nthe time available between applicationof the adhesive to the first substrate and the mating of thesecond substrate which still results in a minimum of 50%fibertear when tested at ambient conditions.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 In this test method,open time is determined by bondingtogether with the adhesive,pieces of standard paper at intervalsof 5 s sequentially after the molten adhesive has been appliedusing a heated film applicator on one surface.The bondedspecimens are examined later to determine the longest timeperiod,between application of the adhesive to one surface andmating with a second surface,which allows substantial bond-ing.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method allows comparing the open time ofseveral hot melt adhesives.5.2 This test method is not intended to provide the open-time observed for a specific adhesive in a specific manufactur-ing operation.This test method can be used to compare theperformance of adhesives which are represented to be identicalor to rank the open-time of a group of hot melt adhesives.6.Apparatus6.1 Oven,which meets the precision required by theprocedure,should be used to heat the adhesive sample and theapplicator.6.2 Film ApplicatorMultiple clearance 0.125 to 1.25 mm(5 to 50 mil)square P.G.and T.Number 2 Film Applicator3capable of providing an applied film of adhesive having anominal width of 50 mm(2 in.).6.3 Hand Thermometer,preferably metal,capable of mea-suring the temperature of the hot-melt with an accuracy of61C(62F).6.4 Primary Standard Substrate,200 by 280 mm(8 by 11in.),NBS Standard Reference Material 1810(Liner Board).4Substrates are to be conditioned as described in Practice E177.6.5 Secondary Standard Substrate,125 mm(5 in.)length inthe material direction cut to 19 mm(0.75 in.)wide,NBSStandard Reference Material 1810(Liner Board).36.6 Glass Beakers(600 mL),for melting the adhesive.6.7 Watchglass,to cover beaker.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape andLabels.Current edition approved Oct.1,2010.Published October 2010.Originallyapproved in 1985.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4497 94(2004)1.DOI:10.1520/D4497-10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3FilmApplicator No.2 is available from Precision Gage and Tool Company,375Gargrave Rd.,Dayton,OH 45449,www.precisiongage-.4Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST),2320Measurement Services Division,Gaithersburg,MD 20899-2320,www.nist.gov.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.8 Beakers,Tongs,and Protective gloves,for handling hotvessels and applicators.6.9 Transparent Pressure Sensitive Tape.6.10 Stop Watch or Other Timer,graduated to at least 0.5 s.6.11 Weighted Rectangular Block,having at least onesmooth and flat wood face,50 by 12.5 mm(2 by 0.5 in.)weighing 100 g(3.5 oz),the mass being uniformly distributed.6.12 Micrometer or Thickness Gage,capable of measuringto the nearest 0.025 mm(1 mil).7.Sampling7.1 The test sample should be representative of the adhesivebeing tested.8.Procedure8.1 Add 300 6 10 g of the adhesive to the 600-mL glassbeaker and cover with a watch glass.Place the beakercontaining the adhesive into the oven and heat until at theapplication temperature recommended by the manufacturer.8.2 Concurre