ASTM_D_4411_-_03_2019.pdf

Designation:D441103(Reapproved 2019)Standard Guide forSampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4411;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the equipment and basic proceduresfor sampling to determine discharge of sediment transported bymoving liquids.Equipment and procedures were originallydeveloped to sample mineral sediments transported by riversbut they are applicable to sampling a variety of sedimentstransported in open channels or closed conduits.Procedures donot apply to sediments transported by flotation.1.2 This guide does not pertain directly to sampling todetermine nondischarge-weighted concentrations,which inspecial instances are of interest.However,much of the descrip-tive information on sampler requirements and sediment trans-port phenomena is applicable in sampling for theseconcentrations,and 9.2.8 and 13.1.3 briefly specify suitableequipment.Additional information on this subject will beadded in the future.1.3 The cited references are not compiled as standards;however they do contain information that helps ensure standarddesign of equipment and procedures.1.4 Information given in this guide on sampling to deter-mine bedload discharge is solely descriptive because nospecific sampling equipment or procedures are presently ac-cepted as representative of the state-of-the-art.As this situationchanges,details will be added to this guide.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 12.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD3977 Test Methods for Determining Sediment Concentra-tion in Water Samples3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thisstandard,refer to Terminology D1129.3.1.1 isokinetic,adja condition of sampling,wherebyliquid moves with no acceleration as it leaves the ambient flowand enters the sampler nozzle.3.1.2sampling vertical,nan approximately vertical pathfrom water surface to the streambed.Along this path,samplesare taken to define various properties of the flow such assediment concentration or particle-size distribution.3.1.3 sediment discharge,nmass of sediment transportedper unit of time.3.1.4 suspended sediment,nsediment that is carried insuspension in the flow of a stream for appreciable lengths oftime,being kept in this state by the upward components of flowturbulence or by Brownian motion.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 concentration,sediment,nthe ratio of the mass ofdry sediment in a water-sediment mixture to the volume of thewater-sediment mixture.Refer to Test Methods D3977.3.2.2 depth-integrating suspended sediment sampler,naninstrument capable of collecting a water-sediment mixtureisokinetically as the instrument is traversed across the flow;hence,a sampler suitable for performing depth integration.3.2.3 depth-integration,na method of sampling at everypoint throughout a sampled depth whereby the water-sedimentmixture is collected isokinetically to ensure the contributionfrom each point is proportional to the stream velocity at thepoint.This method yields a sample that is discharge-weightedover the sampled depth.Ordinarily,depth integration is per-formed by traversing either a depth-or point-integrating1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments,Geomorphology,and Open-Channel Flow.Current edition approved Nov.1,2019.Published January 2020.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4411 03(2011)1.DOI:10.1520/D4411-03R19.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Int