ASTM_D_4359_-_90_2012.pdf

Designation:D435990(Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forDetermining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4359;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether aviscous material is a liquid or a solid for regulatory purposes.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented CoatingsE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals3.Summary of Test Method3.1 The material under test is held at 38C(100F)in atightly closed can.The lid is removed and the can inverted.Theflow of the material from the can is observed to determinewhether it is a solid or a liquid.4.Significance and Use4.1 Compliance with regulations often requires the determi-nation of whether a material is a liquid or a solid.Asimilar testis used by the U.S.Department of Transportation for thispurpose.5.Apparatus5.1 Paint Can,1 L(1 quart),with lid,diameter approxi-mately 108 mm(414in.),height 120 mm(434in.).5.2 Oven,maintained at a temperature of 38C(100F).5.3 Tripod or Ring Stand.5.4 Watchglass,tared.5.5 Stopwatch.5.6 Ruler.6.Sampling6.1 Using standard sampling techniques,secure a represen-tative sample from the lot or batch being tested,in accordancewith Practices D3925 or E300.7.Test Specimen7.1 If the sample is supplied in a friction top quart can thatis at least 85%full,use the can and material as supplied.7.2 If not,place the material to be tested into the quart can,filling it to at least 85%and allowing enough ullage forexpansion of the material without displacement of the cover.Tightly close the can so that no vapor escapes.NOTE1The can is considered 85%filled when the material level isno more than 20 mm(34in.)below the lip of the can.8.Procedure8.1 Place the can with the material in an oven maintained at38 6 3C(100 6 5F).Allow the contents of the can to cometo temperature equilibrium(18 to 24 h).8.2 Place the tripod or ring stand on a level surface.8.3 After the material has come to temperature equilibriumtake the can from the oven and immediately remove the lid.With the ruler,measure the distance from the surface of thematerial to the top of the lip of the can and record.8.4 Invert the can onto the tripod or ring stand in a verticalposition over the tared watchglass.If a skin has formed on thesurface of the material,break the skin prior to inverting the can.Determine the flow of the specimen out of the can at the end of3 min,by measuring the vertical distance the material hasflowed from the lip of the can to the tip of the specimen.8.5 Add the distance from the surface of the material to thetop of the lip of the can(8.3)to the distance the material hasflowed below the lip of the can(8.4).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.Current edition approved June 1,2012.Published July 2012.Originally approvedin 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4359 90(2006).DOI:10.1520/D4359-90R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 8.6 If there is an appreciable flow from the can before the 3min are up,that is,more than 50 mm(2 in.),immediately stopthe test and place the can in an upright position.8.7 Collect any free-flowing material onto the tared watchglass and weigh.9.Interpretation of Results9.1 A material that flows a total of 50 mm(2 in.)or lesswithin 3 min is considered a solid.Otherwise,it is considereda liquid.9.2 If 1 g or more of liquid is collected on the watchglass,the viscous specimen is considered a liquid regardless of itsflow characteristics.10.Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionIt is not practical to specify the precision ofthis procedure as the results of the test are reported only as thestate of the material under test.10.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias,no statement is made.11.