Designation:D4253−14StandardTestMethodsforMaximumIndexDensityandUnitWeightofSoilsUsingaVibratoryTable1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD4253;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheU.S.DepartmentofDefense.1.Scope*1.1Thesetestmethodscoverthedeterminationofthemaximum-indexdrydensity/unitweightofcohesionless,free-drainingsoilsusingaverticallyvibratingtable.Theadjective“drybeforedensityorunitweightisomittedinthetitleandremainingportionsofthisstandardtobeconsistentwiththeapplicabledefinitiongiveninSection3onTerminology.1.2SystemsofUnits:1.2.1Thetestingapparatusdescribedinthisstandardhasbeendevelopedandmanufacturedusingvaluesinthegravi-metricorinch-poundsystem.Therefore,testapparatusdimen-sionsandmassgivenininch-poundunitsareregardedasthestandard.1.2.2Itiscommonpracticeintheengineeringprofessiontoconcurrentlyusepoundstorepresentbothaunitofmass(lbm)andaunitofforce(lbf).Thisimplicitlycombinestwoseparatesystemsofunits;thatis,theabsolutesystemandthegravita-tionalsystem.Itisscientificallyundesirabletocombinetheuseoftwoseparatesetsofinch-poundunitswithinasinglestandard.Thisstandardhasbeenwrittenusingthegravitationalsystemofunitswhendealingwiththeinch-poundsystem.Inthissystem,thepound(lbf)representsaunitofforce(weight).However,balancesorscalesmeasuremass;andweightmustbecalculated.Intheinch-poundsystem,itiscommontoassumethat1lbfisequalto1lbm.Whilereportingdensityisnotregardedasnonconformancewiththisstandard,unitweightsshouldbecalculatedandreportedsincetheresultsmaybeusedtodetermineforceorstress.1.2.3Thetermsdensityandunitweightareoftenusedinterchangeably.Densityismassperunitvolumewhereasunitweightisforceperunitvolume.InthisstandarddensityisgivenonlyinSIunits.Afterthedensityhasbeendetermined,theunitweight...
