ASTM_D_4095_-_97_2014.pdf

Designation:D409597(Reapproved 2014)Standard Practice forUse of the Refractometer for Determining Nonvolatile Matter(Total Solids)in Floor Polishes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4095;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the use of a refractometer fordetermining the nonvolatile matter(total solids)in floorpolishes.This practice is also applicable to resin solutions andwax emulsions used in floor polishes.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and RefractiveDispersion of Hydrocarbon LiquidsD2834 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter(Total Solids)inWater-Emulsion Floor Polishes,Solvent-Based FloorPolishes,and Polymer-Emulsion Floor Polishes3.Summary of Practice3.1 Solids(nonvolatile matter)and refractive index are usedas the basis for preparing curves that allow the use of refractiveindex as a fast,accurate means for determining solids in floorpolishes,resin solutions,and wax emulsions.4.Significance and Use4.1 Solids(nonvolatile matter)determinations of polishes,resin solutions,and wax emulsions take 2 to 4 h in accordancewith Test Method D2834,not counting preparation time.4.2 Curves of solids/refractive index provide a means fordetermining solids in a matter of minutes.4.3 This practice is particularly useful for quality controland in process control for the production of polishes and polishcomponents.5.Apparatus5.1 RefractometerAn instrument capable of reading tofour decimal places.5.2 Water Bath,or other means of controlling the tempera-ture of the refractometer prisms.6.Procedure6.1 Determine the nonvolatile matter in the polish,resin,orwax emulsion in accordance with Test Method D2834 using aminimum of three and preferably four replicates.Record thearithmetic average.6.2 Adjust prism temperature of the refractometer to 25Cthrough the use of a water bath.Temperatures of 20C and30C are also commonly used for refractive index work.Anyconvenient temperature may be used as long as that tempera-ture is used consistently.6.3 Standardize the refractometer using the procedure inTest Method D1218 or according to the refractometer manu-facturers instructions.In either case,standard reference liquidsshould be used.6.4 Determine the refractive index of the process water usedfor preparation of the polish,resin,or wax emulsion accordingto the procedure in Test Method D1218.6.5 Determine the refractive index of the same sample ofpolish,resin solution,or wax emulsion from 6.1 according tothe procedure in Test Method D1218.(Take multiple readingsand record the arithmetic average.)6.6 Plot a curve of refractive index versus solids on standard(20 by 20/in.)graph paper.6.6.1 Use zero(0%)solids and the refractive index of theprocess water as the origin.6.6.2 Plot the solids from 6.1 and the refractive index from6.5 as the second point.Draw a line connecting the origin to thesecond point.Curves,thus produced for polishes,resinsolutions,and wax emulsions are usually straight lines.Veri-fication must be made by careful dilution(by weight)of the1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on Polishesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.03 on Chemical and PhysicalTesting.Current edition approved Sept.1,2014.Published November 2014.Originallyapproved in 1982.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4095 97(2008).DOI:10.1520/D4095-97R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 sample with the process water;determine the refractive indexof the diluted sample that should fall on the curve at thecalculated solids.6.6.3 Curves should be checked periodically by determiningsolids in accordance with Test Method D2834 to make sure thecurve has not shifted.Generally,once a year is sufficient.6.6.4 Each formulation has its own individual curve.Chang-ing ingredients or ratios of ingredients in a particular formu-lation will change the slope of the curve and require develop-ment of a new curve for the revised composition.7.Some Practical Uses of the Data7.1 The curve plotted in 6.6.2 can be adapted in severalways to provide useful information and data for productioncontrol.7.1.1 The curve it