ASTM_D_4034_-_D_4034M_-_19.pdf

Designation:D4034/D4034M19Standard Test Method forResistance to Yarn Slippage at the Sewn Seam in WovenUpholstery Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4034/D4034M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method measures the resistance to slippage ofwarp yarns over filling yarns,or filling yarns over warp yarns,in woven upholstery fabrics,using a specific standard seamassembly by comparing the differences in test curves from asewn and unsewn sample.NOTE1This test method is derived from Test Method D434,fromwhich appropriate changes have been made to make the method moreapplicable for upholstery fabrics.NOTE2This test method is designed to be a fabric test and isconsidered to be technically different than Test Method D1683,which isconsidered to be a yarn/seam test.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system are not necessarily exact equivalents;therefore,toensure conformance with the standard,each system shall beused independently of the other,and values from the twosystems shall not be combined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines forTextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD434 Test Method for Resistance to Slippage of Yarns inWoven Fabrics Using a Standard Seam(Withdrawn2003)3D1683 Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of WovenFabricsD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric TestMethodsD5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics(Grab Test)D6193 Practice for Stitches and SeamsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 direction of slippage,nat the seam,the line ofmovement parallel to either the filling or the warp on a wovenfabric.3.1.2 resistance to yarn slippage,nthe force in Newtonsor pounds-force required to displace one or more yarns in awoven fabric from the original position,resulting in differencesin alignment,or spacing,or both.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric TestMethods,General.Current edition approved Nov.1,2019.Published December 2019.Originallyapproved in 1981.Last previous edition approved in 1992 as D4034-92 which waswithdrawn January 2001 and reinstated in November 2019.DOI:10.1520/D4034_D4034M-19.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 3.1.3 sewn seam,nin sewn fabrics,a juncture at whichtwo or more planar structures such as textile fabrics,are joinedby sewing,usually near the edge.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminologies D123 and D4850.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Resistance to yarn slippage is determined on a specimenmade from pieces of the same fabric that have been stitchedtogether in a specified manner(see 9.3).First,tension isapplied to the unseamed part of the specimen using a constantrate-of-extension(CRE)or a constant rate-of-traverse type(CRT)machine and the force-extension curve recorded.Next,tension is applied with the seams centered between and parallelto the ja