ASTM_D_5355_-_95_2021.pdf

Designation:D535595(Reapproved 2021)Standard Test Method forSpecific Gravity of Oils and Liquid Fats1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5355;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specificgravity of oils and liquid fats by calculating the ratio of theweight of a unit volume of the sample to the weight of a unitvolume of water at 25 C.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 densityweight/unit volume expressed as grams percentimetre.2.1.2 liquid fatsfats that melt below 58 C.2.1.3 oilssubstances that are fluid at 25 C,consisting ofglycerides of fatty acids,aliphatic hydrocarbons,and aromatichydrocarbons.2.1.4 specific gravitythe ratio of the density of a substanceto the density of the reference substance.3.Significance and Use3.1 This test method is used to measure the specific gravityof all oils and liquid fats that are used to soften leather,or thatare used in products to soften leather.The specific gravity isone parameter that can be used to monitor the quality of theseproducts.4.Apparatus4.1 Specific Gravity Bottles,with well-fitting ground glassjoints and a capacity of approximately 50 mL.4.2 Water Bath,maintained at 25 C 6 0.2 C.4.3 Water Bath,maintained at 60 C 6 0.2 C.4.4 Thermometer,laboratory thermometer having a rangefrom 20 C to 102 C with 0.1 or 0.2 subdivisions.5.Procedure5.1 Calibration of the Specific Gravity BottlesClean anddry thoroughly and then fill with recently boiled and cooleddistilled water at 20 C to 23 C.Fill the bottle to overflowingby holding the bottle on its side in such a manner as to preventthe entrapment of air bubbles.Insert the stopper and immersein a water bath at 25 C 6 0.2 C.Keep the entire bulbcompletely covered with water and hold at the specifiedtemperature for 30 min.Carefully remove any water that hasexuded from the side opening.Remove the bottle from the bathand wipe completely dry.Weigh the bottle and contents.Calculate the weight of water in the flask by subtracting theweight of the empty bottle from the weight of the bottle plusthe water.5.2 Specific Gravity at 25/25 C:5.2.1 Melt the sample and filter through filter paper toremove any impurities and the last traces of moisture.Thesample must be completely dry.5.2.2 Cool the sample from 20 C to 23 C and fill the bottleto overflowing,holding the bottle on its side in such a manneras to prevent the entrapment of air bubbles.5.2.3 Insert the stopper,immerse,and hold in the water bathat 25 C 6 0.2 C for 30 min.5.2.4 Carefully wipe off any oil that has come through thecapillary opening and remove from the bath.Clean and drythoroughly.5.2.5 Weigh the bottle and contents.Calculate the specificgravity as directed in 5.1.5.3 Specific Gravity at 60/25 C:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.08 on Fats and OilsThis testmethod was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.(Method H 15-1957).Current edition approved Dec.1,2021.Published January 2022.Originallyapproved in 1993.Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D5355 95(2017).DOI:10.1520/D5355-95R21.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1?5.3.1 Melt the sample and filter through filter paper toremove any impurities and the last traces of moisture.Thesample must be completely dry.5.3.2 Pour the melted fat into the bottle at 56 C to 58 C tooverflowing,holding the bottle on its side in such a manner asto prevent the entrapment of air bubbles.5.3.3 Insert the stopper,immerse,and hold in the water bathat 60 C 6 0.2 C for 30 min.5.3.4 Careful