ASTM_D_4987_-_99_2008.pdf

Designation:D4987 99(Reapproved 2008)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forTensile Breaking Strength of Perforations in One-PartContinuous Forms Paper1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4987;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the procedure for testing thetensile breaking strength of the perforations in one-part con-tinuous forms.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,and Related ProductD685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingD828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper andPaperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-Elongation Appara-tus3E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With Specified Precision,the Average for a Characteristicof a Lot or ProcessD1968 Terminology Relating to Paper and Paper Products3.Terminology3.1 Definitions shall be in accordance with TerminologyD1968 and the Dictionary of Paper.44.Summary of Test Method4.1 ASTM test methods for tensile strength form the basisof this test.The size of test specimens may be modified toaccommodate the characteristics of the material that is beingtested.5.Significance and Use5.1 Minimum tensile strength of the perforation is importantto assure that the form will not prematurely break apart duringthe printing,converting,and forms handling operation.5.2 Where the various parts are detached for further pro-cessing maximum tensile strength of the perforation is impor-tant in the various operations to which the form is subjected.6.Interferences6.1 Avoid manipulation by folding and refolding a perfora-tion since this will cause weakening of the ties in theperforation.The folded specimen should not be unfolded untiljust prior to testing.6.2 To avoid placing uneven stress on the perforation,exercise extreme care in placing the test piece in the jaws of thetensile tester to be sure that the strip is not skewed.Unevenstress results in a“tear”effect rather than the“tensile”effect.7.Apparatus7.1 Tensile Tester Testing machines meeting the require-ments of Test Method D828.NOTE1Test Method D828 describes the apparatus and calibration ofthe instrument to be used for conducting tests described in this testmethod.The sampling,test specimen,and procedure portions of the testshould follow the instructions given in this test method.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 on Paperand Paper Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06.92 onStandard Documents Relating to Paper and Paper Products.Current edition approved Nov.1,2008.Published November 2008.Originallyapproved in 1989.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4987 99(2003).DOI:10.1520/D4987-99R08.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry(TAPPI),15 Technology Parkway South,Norcross,GA 30092,http:/www.tappi.org.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.NOTICE:This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.Contact ASTM International(www.astm.org)for the latest information7.2 Specimen Cutter A device for cutting test specimenswith clean and parallel edges to a width of 25.4 6 1 mm(160.04 in.).8.Sampling8.1 For acceptance sampling,obtain the sample in accor-dance with Practice D585.8.2 When sampling for other purposes,use Practice E122 asan alternative.8.3 From the material obtained in 8.1 or 8.2,select sufficienttest units of each sample to meet the requirements of 8.5 and8.6 as follows:8.3.1 Folded perforationsTake consecutive duplicatesamples of the perforation folded so that the front printing isnot visible(infold perforation)and consecutive duplicatesamples so that the front printing is visible(outfold perfora-tion).8.3.2 Unfolded perforations perpendicular to the machineor web directionTake