ASTM_D_5291_-_21.pdf

Designation:D529121Standard Test Methods forInstrumental Determination of Carbon,Hydrogen,andNitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5291;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the instrumental determinationof carbon,hydrogen,and nitrogen in laboratory samples ofpetroleum products and lubricants.Values obtained representthe total carbon,the total hydrogen,and the total nitrogen.1.2 These test methods are applicable to samples such ascrude oils,fuel oils,additives,and residues for carbon andhydrogen and nitrogen analysis.These test methods weretested in the concentration range of at least 75%to 87%bymass for carbon,at least 9%to 16%by mass for hydrogen,and 0.1%to 2%by mass for nitrogen.1.3 The nitrogen test method is not applicable to lightmaterials or those containing 0.75%by mass nitrogen,orboth,such as gasoline,jet fuel,naphtha,diesel fuel,orchemical solvents.1.3.1 However,using Test Method D levels of 0.1%bymass nitrogen in lubricants could be determined.1.4 These test methods are not recommended for the analy-sis of volatile materials such as gasoline,gasoline-oxygenateblends,or gasoline type aviation turbine fuels.1.5 The results of these tests can be expressed as mass%carbon,hydrogen or nitrogen.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products,LiquidFuels,and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System Performance3.Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods,referto Terminology D4175.4.Summary of Test Methods4.1 In these test methods,carbon,hydrogen,and nitrogenare determined concurrently in a single instrumental procedure.With some systems,the procedure consists of simply weighinga portion of the sample,placing the portion in the instrument,and initiating the(subsequently automatic)analytical process.In other systems,the analytical process,to some degree,ismanually controlled.4.2 The actual process can vary substantially from instru-ment to instrument,since a variety of means can be utilized toeffect the primary requirements of the test methods.Allsatisfactory processes provide for the following:4.2.1 The conversion of the subject materials(in theirentirety)to carbon dioxide,water vapor,and elementalnitrogen,respectively,and4.2.2 The subsequent,quantitative determination of thesegases in an appropriate gas stream.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and are the direct responsibilityof Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.Current edition approved Nov.1,2021.Published December 2021.Originallyapproved in 1992.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D5291 16.DOI:10.1520/D5291-21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1?4.3 The conversion of the subject materials to their corre-sponding gases takes place largely during combustion of thesample at an elevated temperature in an atmosphere of purifiedoxygen.Here,a variety of gaseous materials are produced,including the following:4.3.1 Carbo