ASTM_D_5185_-_13e1.pdf

Designation:D5185131Standard Test Method forMultielement Determination of Used and Unused LubricatingOils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma AtomicEmission Spectrometry(ICP-AES)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5185;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1NOTETable 4 was editorially corrected in April 2014.INTRODUCTIONCosts associated with maintenance due to engine and machine wear can be significant.Therefore,diagnostic methods for determining the condition of engines and other machinery can be important.This test method is intended to quantify,for the purpose of equipment monitoring,the concentrationof metals in used lubricating oils.Although the precision statement was determined by analyzing avariety of used oils this test method can,in principle,be used for the analysis of unused oils to providemore complete elemental composition data than Test Methods D4628,D4927,or D4951.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of additiveelements,wear metals,and contaminants in used and unusedlubricating oils and base oils by inductively coupled plasmaatomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES).The specific ele-ments are listed in Table 1.1.2 This test method covers the determination of selectedelements,listed in Table 1,in re-refined and virgin base oils.1.3 For analysis of any element using wavelengths below190 nm,a vacuum or inert-gas optical path is required.Thedetermination of sodium and potassium is not possible on someinstruments having a limited spectral range.1.4 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibrationand does not purport to quantitatively determine insolubleparticulates.Analytical results are particle size dependent,andlow results are obtained for particles larger than a fewmicrometers.21.5 Elements present at concentrations above the upper limitof the calibration curves can be determined with additional,appropriate dilutions and with no degradation of precision.1.6 For elements other than calcium,sulfur,and zinc,thelow limits listed in Table 2 and Table 3 were estimated to be tentimes the repeatability standard deviation.For calcium,sulfur,and zinc,the low limits represent the lowest concentrationstested in the interlaboratory study.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warningstatements are given in 6.1,8.2,and 8.4.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C1109 Practice for Analysis of Aqueous Leachates fromNuclear Waste Materials Using Inductively CoupledPlasma-Atomic Emission SpectroscopyD1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(High-Temperature Method)D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.Current edition approved Sept.15,2013.Published September 2013.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5185 09.DOI:10.1520/D5185-13E01.2Eisentraut,K.J.,Newman,R.W.,Saba,C.S.,Kauffman,R.E.,and Rhine,W.E.,Analytical Chemistry,Vol 56,1984.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use asAnalytical StandardsD4628 Test Method for Analysis of Barium,Calcium,Magnesium,and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils byAtomic Absorption SpectrometryD4927 Test Methods for Elemental Analysis of LubricantandAdditiveComponentsBarium,Calcium,Phosphorus,Sulfur,and Zinc by Wavelength-DispersiveX-Ray Fluorescence SpectroscopyD4951 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elementsin Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission SpectrometryD7260 Practice for Optimization,Calibration,and Valida-tion of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic EmissionSpectrometry(ICP-AES)for Elemental Analysis of Petro-leum Products and LubricantsE135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry forMetals,Ores,and Related Materials3.