ASTM_D_5116_-_17.pdf

Designation:D511617Standard Guide forSmall-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations ofOrganic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5116;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide provides direction on the measurement of theemissions of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from indoormaterials and products using small-scale environmental testchambers.1.2 This guide pertains to chambers that fully enclose amaterial specimen to be tested and does not address otheremission chamber designs such as emission cells(see insteadPractice D7143).1.3 As an ASTM standard,this guide describes options,butdoes not recommend specific courses of action.This guide isnot a standard test method and must not be construed as such.1.4 The use of small environmental test chambers to char-acterize the emissions of VOCs from indoor materials andproducts is still evolving.Modifications and variations inequipment,testing procedures,and data analysis are made asthe work in the area progresses.For several indoor materials,more detailed ASTM standards for emissions testing have nowbeen developed.Where more detailed ASTM standard prac-tices or methods exist,they supersede this guide and should beused in its place.Until the interested parties agree uponstandard testing protocols,differences in approach will occur.This guide will continue to provide assistance by describingequipment and techniques suitable for determining organicemissions from indoor materials.Specific examples are pro-vided to illustrate existing approaches;these examples are notintended to inhibit alternative approaches or techniques thatwill produce equivalent or superior results.1.5 Small chambers have obvious limitations.Normally,only samples of larger materials(for example,carpet)aretested.Small chambers are not applicable for testing completeassemblages(for example,furniture).Small chambers are alsoinappropriate for testing combustion devices(for example,kerosene heaters)or activities(for example,use of aerosolspray products).For some products,small chamber testing mayprovide only a portion of the emission profile of interest.Forexample,the rate of emissions from the application of highsolvent materials(for example,paints and waxes)by means ofbrushing,spraying,rolling,etc.are generally higher than therate during the drying process.Small chamber testing cannotbe used to evaluate the application phase of the coatingprocess.Large(or full-scale)chambers may be more appropri-ate for many of these applications.For guidance on full-scalechamber testing of emissions from indoor materials refer toPractice D6670.1.6 This guide does not provide specific directions for theselection of sampling media or for the analysis of VOCs.Thisinformation is provided in Practice D6196.1.7 This guide does not provide specific directions fordetermining emissions of formaldehyde from composite woodproducts,since chamber testing methods for such emissions arewell developed and widely used.For more information refer toTest Methods E1333 and D6007.It is possible,however,thatthe guide can be used to support alternative testing methods.1.8 This guide is not applicable to the determination ofemissions of semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs)frommaterials/products largely due to adsorption of these com-pounds on materials commonly used for construction ofchambers suitable for VOC emissions testing.Alternate proce-dures are required for SVOCs.For example,it may be possibleto screen materials for emissions of SVOCs using micro-scalechambers operated at temperatures above normal indoor con-ditions(see Practice D7706).1.9 This guide is applicable to the determination of emis-sions from products and materials that may be used indoors.The effects of the emissions(for example,toxicity)are notaddressed and are beyond the scope of the guide.Guide D6485provides an example of the assessment of acute and irritanteffects of VOC emissions for a given material.Specification of“target”organic species of concern is similarly beyond thescope of this guide.As guideline levels for specific indoorcontaminants develop,so too will emission test protocols toprovide relevant information.Emissions databases and mate-rial labeling schemes will also be expected to adjust to reflectthe current state of knowledge.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Qualityand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved Nov.1,2017.Published November 2017.Originallyapproved in 1990.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5116 10.DOI:10.1520/D5116-17.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United S