ASTM_D_5090_-_07.pdf

Designation:D509007Standard Practice forStandardizing Ultrafiltration Permeate Flow PerformanceData1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5090;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the standardization of permeateflow for ultrafiltration(UF)systems.1.2 This practice is applicable to natural waters includingbrackish waters,seawaters,and ultrapure waters includingthose used in power generation and microelectronics andpharmaceuticals production.It is not necessarily applicable towaste waters.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration,Ultrafiltration,Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this prac-tice,refer to Terminology D1129 and D6161.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 concentrate,reject,or brinethat portion of feedwhich does not pass through the membrane.3.2.2 device pressure drop(DP)the difference between thefeed pressure and the concentrate pressure.3.2.3 feedthe fluid that enters the device.3.2.4 permeatethat portion of the feed which passesthrough the membrane.3.2.5 permeate flow ratethe quantity of permeate pro-duced per unit time.3.2.6 recovery or conversionthe ratio of permeate flowrate to total feed flow rate,expressed as a percent.3.2.7 stagea device or group of devices,several of whichmay be included in a system,which share common manifoldson the feed,concentrate and permeate stream plumbing.Theconcentrate from one stage becomes the feed to the followingstage.3.2.8 ultrafiltration devicea single housing(vessel),com-prising or containing an ultrafiltration element or multipleelements and supporting materials.4.Summary of Practice4.1 This practice consists of calculating the permeate flowof UF systems at a standard set of conditions using dataobtained at actual operating conditions.5.Significance and Use5.1 During the operation of a UF system,conditions includ-ing pressure and temperature can vary,causing permeate flowto change(see Note 1).To effectively evaluate system perfor-mance,it is necessary to compare permeate flow data at thesame conditions.Since data may not always be obtained at thesame conditions,it is necessary to convert the UF data obtainedat actual conditions to a set of constant conditions,therebystandardizing the data.The user of this practice determines thestandard conditions.This practice gives the procedure tostandardize UF data on pure water only.NOTE1Feed concentration,crossflow velocity,and both device andtotal system recovery will also influence permeate rate,especially whenoperating on other than pure water.This practice does not address thosesystem conditions.5.2 This practice can be used for systems which containspiral-wound,tubular,plate and frame,and hollow fiberdevices.5.3 This practice can be used for a single-element or amulti-element system.However,if the UF system is staged,standardize the permeate flow and salt passage for each stageseparately.This requires pressure readings at the feed inlet andconcentrate outlet of each stage.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and IonExchange Materials.Current edition approved June 15,2007.Published June 2007.Originallyapproved in 1990.Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D5090 90(2001).DOI:10.1520/D5090-07.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.4 This practice is applicable for UF systems with nosignificant leaks between the feed/concentrate and permeatestreams.5.5 This practice assumes no significant osmotic pressuredifferential(Dp)exists in the UF system under the actualoperating conditions.Differential osmotic pressure will reducethe permeate rate relative to operation on pure water.5.6 The user of this practice should be aware that fouled UFdevices will produce less permeate flow than nonfouled de-vices,and may wish to perform flushing,chemical,or me-chanical cleaning,or combination thereof,prior to determiningthe permeate flow performance of the device.6.Procedure6.1 St