ASTM_D_4858_-_13.pdf

Designation:D485813Standard Test Method forDetermination of the Tendency of Lubricants to PromotePreignition in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4858;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method2evaluates the performance of lubri-cants intended for use in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gaso-line engines that are prone to preignition.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3B152/B152M Specification for Copper Sheet,Strip,Plate,and Rolled BarD439 Specification for Automotive Gasoline(Withdrawn1990)4D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oilsand AdditivesD910 Specification for Leaded Aviation GasolinesD2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-matic Viscosity at 40 and 100CD2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD2885 Test Method for Determination of Octane Number ofSpark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Compari-son TechniqueD2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric Perchloric Acid TitrationD4857 Test Method for Determination of the Ability ofLubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Depositsin Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Out-boardsD4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine LubricantsE230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force(EMF)Tables for Standardized Thermocouples2.2 ANSI Standard:ANSI MC 96.1 American National Standard for Tempera-ture Measurement Thermocouples53.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 combustion chamberin reciprocating internal com-bustion engines,the volume bounded by the piston crown andany portion of the cylinder walls extending above the pistoncrown when in the top dead center position,and the innersurface of the cylinder head including any spark plugs andother inserted components.3.1.2 preignitionin a spark-ignition engine,ignition of themixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber before thepassage of the spark.3.1.3 scuff,scuffngin lubrication,damage caused byinstantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relative1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0.06 on Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline.Current edition approved June 15,2013.Published July 2013.Originallyapproved in 1988.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4858 08.DOI:10.1520/D4858-13.2Until the next revision of this test method,the ASTM Test Monitoring Centerwill update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters.These canbe obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center,6555 PennAve.,Pittsburgh,PA15206-4489.Attention:Administrator.This edition incorporates revisions in allInformation Letters through No.013.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.5Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 motion that does not result in immobilization of the parts.D48633.1.4 spark plug foulingdeposition of essentially noncon-ducting material onto the electrodes of a spark plug that may,but will not necessarily,prevent the plug from operating.D48573.1.5 spark plug whiskering,also spark plug bridgingadeposit of conductive material on the spark plug electrodeswhich tends to form a bridge between them,thus shorting outthe plug.D48573.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 major preignitionpreignition that causes a tempera-ture incr