ASTM_D_5285_-_03.pdf

Designation:D 5285 03Standard Test Method for24-Hour Batch-Type Measurement of Volatile OrganicSorption by Soils and Sediments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5285;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determiningthe sorption affinity of waste solutes by unconsolidated geo-logic material in aqueous suspension,for example,soils,fluvialsediments,sedimentary deposits,or any other accumulations ofunconsolidated solid particles(for a companion method,formetal solute,see Test Method D 4319).The waste solute maybe derived from a variety of sources such as wells,underdrainsystems,or laboratory solutions like those produced by wasteextraction tests(for example,Test Method D 3987).1.2 This test method is applicable for screening and provid-ing the relative rankings of a large number of samples for theirsorption affinity in aqueous leachate/geomedia suspensions.This test method may not simulate closely the sorptioncharacteristics that would occur in unperturbed geologic set-tings and under flow conditions.1.3 While this test method is intended to be applicable forall soluble organic constituents,care must be taken withrespect to the stability of the particular constituents and theirpossible losses from solution by such processes as volatiliza-tion or degradation by microbes,light,or hydrolysis.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD 1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and RockD 3987 Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Wastewith WaterD 4319 Test Method for Distribution Ratios by the Short-Term Batch MethodD 4410 Terminology of Fluvial Sediment3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminology D 1129.For additional defini-tions of terms pertaining to soils and fluvial sediments,refer toTerminologies D 653 and D 4410.3.1.1 solutechemical species(for example,ion,mol-ecules,etc.)in solution.3.1.2 sorbatechemical species sorbed by a sorbent.3.1.3 sorbenta solid substance that sorbs the solute fromsolution(for example,soil,sediment,till,etc.).3.1.4 sorptiondepletion of an amount of solute initiallypresent in solution by a sorbent.3.1.5 unconsolidated geologic material(geomedia)aloosely aggregated solid natural material of geologic origin(forexample,soil,sediment,till,etc.).3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 distribution coeffcient,Kdthe ratio of the concen-tration of solute sorbed on the soil or other geomedia dividedby its concentration in solution.A 24-h Kdis the analogousratio evaluated after 24 h of contact of the solute with thegeomedia.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDissimilar Kdvalues may be obtainedfor the same solute if different initial solute concentrations areused,depending on the sorption behavior of the solute and theproperties of the geomedia(that is,nonlinear sorption curve).This concentration dependency may be absent where the soluteconcentrations are sufficiently low.It is absent when thecharacteristics of the particular solute-sorbent combinationyield Kdvalues that are independent of the concentration ofsolute(that is,linear sorption curve)3.2.2 octanol water partition coeffcient,Kowthe distribu-tion coefficient of an organic compound between n-octanol andwater.It has been found to be useful in predicting other1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.06 onAnalytical Methods.Current edition approved Nov.1,2003.Published January 2004.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.constants that describe the distribution of organics betweenorganic carbon-containing media and water and is usually easyto measure experimentally.3.2.3 sorption affnitythe relative degree of sorption thatoccurs by a geomedia.3.2.4 test compound constant,Koc the distribution coef-ficient between water and a hypothetical geomedia that is