ASTM_D_5201_-_05a_2020.pdf

Designation:D520105a(Reapproved 2020)Standard Practice forCalculating Formulation Physical Constants of Paints andCoatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5201;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures commonly used in thepaint industry to formulate paints and coating materials.Itdescribes procedures for calculating formulation values forweight solids,volume solids,solvent content,volatile organiccompound(VOC)content,hazardous air pollutant(HAP)content,and density of liquid paints and coatings.These valuesare calculated from basic formulation data.These calculationsmay be related to either as-supplied(unreduced)or as-applied(reduced)coating materials,including multicomponent types.1.2 These calculated,formulation-based values may or maynot be acceptable for VOC regulatory purposes,depending onthe specific wording of the applicable regulation.Some regu-lations require analysis of the coating.Some rules allow the useof formulation data,however,some adjustments may beneeded to the values calculated in this practice before they areused for regulatory purposes(see 4.3).1.3 For purposes of this practice,it is assumed that volatilecomponents evaporate and the materials that remain areidentified as coating solids.For example,solvents are normallyused to adjust viscosity for application and appearance of thecoating.Other liquid materials,such as plasticizers,reactivediluents,etc.,that are expected to be retained in the dried filmto affect the final physical properties should be classified aspart of the coating solids.Standards such as Test MethodsD2369,D4758,D5403,and Guide D2832 may be used todetermine volatile or nonvolatile content of specific compo-nents.For purposes of this practice it is assumed that theblended formulation behaves as an ideal solution with novolume change on mixing(see 6.2).1.4 Volatile by-products of cross-linking reactions(curevolatiles)are not considered in these calculations since theobject of this practice is to define paint physical constantsbased on formulation information.Variations in raw materials,variations in the production processes,test methods,and testmethod accuracy are not taken into account in these calcula-tions.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.However,they may be readilyconverted into SI units,if required by the user(for example,see Note 4).1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D153 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of PigmentsD1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings,Inks,and Related ProductsD2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD2832 Guide for Determining Volatile and Nonvolatile Con-tent of Paint and Related CoatingsD3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound(VOC)Content of Paints and Related CoatingsD4758 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Latexes(Withdrawn 2007)3D5403 Test Methods for Volatile Content of Radiation Cur-able Materials1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints&Paint Materials.Current edition approved Dec.1,2020.Published December 2020.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5201 05a(2014).DOI:10.1520/D5201-05AR20.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Documents:Code of Federal Regulations Title