ASTM_D_4696_-_92_2008.pdf

Designation:D469692(Reapproved 2008)Standard Guide forPore-Liquid Sampling from the Vadose Zone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4696;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the equipment and procedures usedfor sampling pore-liquid from the vadose zone(unsaturatedzone).The guide is limited to in situ techniques and does notinclude soil core collection and extraction methods for obtain-ing samples.1.2 The term“pore-liquid”is applicable to any liquid fromaqueous pore-liquid to oil.However,all of the samplersdescribed in this guide were designed,and are used to sampleaqueous pore-liquids only.The abilities of these samplers tocollect other pore-liquids may be quite different than thosedescribed.1.3 Some of the samplers described in this guide are notcurrently commercially available.These samplers are pre-sented because they may have been available in the past,andmay be encountered at sites with established vadose zonemonitoring programs.In addition,some of these designs areparticularly suited to specific situations.If needed,thesesamplers could be fabricated.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action.This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances.This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged,nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects.The word“Standard”in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluids3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsWhere reasonable,precise terms andnames have been used within this guide.However,certainterms and names with varying definitions are ubiquitous withinthe literature and industry of vadose zone monitoring.Forpurposes of recognition,these terms and names have beenincluded in the guide with their most common usage.In theseinstances,the common definitions have been included inAppendix X1.Examples of such terms are soil,lysimeter,vacuum and pore-liquid tension.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Appendix X1 is a compilation of those terms used inthis guide.More comprehensive compilations,that were usedas sources for Appendix X1,are(in decreasing order of theirusage):3.2.1.1 Terminology D653,3.2.1.2 Compilation of ASTM Terminology,33.2.1.3 Glossary of Soil Science Terms,Soil Science Societyof America,4and,3.2.1.4 Websters New Collegiate Dictionary,54.Summary of Guide4.1 Pores in the vadose zone can be saturated or unsaturated.Some samplers are designed to extract liquids from unsaturatedpores;others are designed to obtain samples from saturated1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved Sept.15,2008.Published October 2008.Originallyapproved in 1992.Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4696 92(2000).DOI:10.1520/D4696-92R08.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Compilation of ASTM Terminology,Sixth edition,ASTM,1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,PA19103,1986.(Currently,ASTM Dictionary of Engineering Science&Technology,10th edition,ASTM International,2005.)4Glossary of Soil Science Terms,Soil Science Society of America,1987.5Websters New Collegiate Dictionary,Fifth edition,1977.(Currently Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary,Eleventh edition,2006.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 pores(for example,perched groundwater)or saturated mac-ropores(for example,fissures,cracks,and burrows).Thisguide addresses these categories.The sampler types discussedare:4.1.1 Suction samplers(unsaturated sampling),(see Section7),4.1.2 Free drainage sampler