ASTM_D_4687_-_14_2022.pdf

Designation:D468714(Reapproved 2022)Standard Guide forGeneral Planning of Waste Sampling1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4687;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe analysis and testing of solid waste requires collection of adequately sized,representativesamples.Wastes are found in various locations and physical states.Therefore,each sampling routineshall be tailored to fit the waste and situation.Wastes often occur as nonhomogeneous mixtures instratified layers or as poorly mixed conglomerations.For example,wastes are commonly stored ordisposed of in surface impoundments with stratified or layered sludges covered by ponded wastewater.In these situations,the collector may be faced with sampling the wastewater,the sludge,and somedepth of soil beneath the sludges.Collecting representative samples in these situations requires acarefully assessed,well-planned,and well-executed sampling routine.1.Scope1.1 This guide provides information for formulating andplanning the many aspects of waste sampling(see 1.2)that arecommon to most waste sampling situations.1.2 The aspects of sampling that this guide addresses are asfollows:SectionSafety plans4Sampling plans5Quality assurance considerations6General sampling considerations7Preservation and containerization8Cleaning equipment9Packaging,labeling,and shipping procedures10Chain-of-custody procedure111.3 This guide does not provide comprehensive samplingprocedures for these aspects,nor does it serve as a guide to anyspecific application.It is the responsibility of the user to ensurethat the procedures used are proper and adequate.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For more specific precautionary statements see 3.2,3.3,andSection 4.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process2.2 Other Document:EPA-SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,Physical/Chemical Methods33.Significance and Use3.1 The procedures covered in this guide are general andprovide the user with information helpful for writing samplingplans,safety plans,labeling and shipping procedures,chain-of-custody procedures,general sampling procedures,generalcleaning procedures,and general preservation procedures.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 onPlanning for Sampling.Current edition approved May 1,2022.Published May 2022.Originallyapproved in 1987.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4687 14.DOI:10.1520/D4687-14R22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Superintendent of Documents,U.S.Printing Office,Washington,DC 20402.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.13.2 For purposes of this guide,it is assumed that the user hasknowledge of the waste being sampled and the possible safetyhazards.3.3 This guide is not to be used when sampling sites orwastes when safety hazards are unknown.In such cases,theuser shall use other more appropriate procedures.4.Safety Plans4.1 Proper safety precautions shall always be observedwhen sampling wastes.Persons collecting samples shall beaware that the waste can be a strong sensitizer and corrosive,flammable,explosive,toxic,and capable of releasing ex-tremely poisonous gases.The background in