ASTM_D_5072_-_09e1.pdf

Designation:D5072091Standard Test Method forRadon in Drinking Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5072;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial corrections were made throughout in May 2014.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of radon indrinking water in concentrations above 2 Bq/L.1.2 This test method may be used for absolute measure-ments by calibrating with a226Ra standard or for relativemeasurements by comparing the measurements made witheach other.1.3 This test method is used successfully with drinkingwater samples and Type III reagent water conforming toSpecification D1193.It is the users responsibility to ensure thevalidity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias ofApplicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on WaterD3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD3648 Practices for the Measurement of RadioactivityD3856 Guide for Management Systems in LaboratoriesEngaged in Analysis of WaterD4448 Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring WellsD5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specificationsfor Standard Test Methods for Water AnalysisD6001 Guide for Direct-Push Groundwater Sampling forEnvironmental Site CharacterizationD7282 Practice for Set-up,Calibration,and Quality Controlof Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements2.2 Other Documents:Multi-Agency Radiological Laboratory Analytical ProtocolsManual EPA402-B-04-001A,NUREG1576,NTISPB2004-105421,July 2004.3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminology D1129.For terms not defined inthis test method or in Terminology D1129,reference may bemade to other published glossaries.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is based on the scintillation countingof222Rn and its progeny.4.2 In a glass liquid scintillation vial,an aliquot of unaeratedwater is drawn into a syringe then gently injected beneath 10mL of a suitable liquid scintillation cocktail that does notcontain an emulsifier.The vials are capped,shaken,andallowed to stand 3 hours prior to counting to permit darkadaptation and buildup of short-lived radon progeny.Radon-222 contained in the sample is selectively partitioned into thescintillation cocktail.The sample is counted using a liquidscintillation counting system optimized for detection of222Rnactivity.5.Significance and Use5.1 The most prevalent of the radon isotopes in groundwater is222Rn.This isotope presents the greatest health riskcompared to the other naturally occurring radon isotopes ifingested via the water pathway.6.Interferences6.1 Other radionuclides soluble in the scintillation cocktailmay interfere.High energy beta/gamma emitters,even thoughthey are not soluble in the scintillation mix,may also interfere.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemi-cal Analysis.Current edition approved Feb.1,2009.Published March 2009.Originallyapproved in 1992.Last previous edition approved in 1998 a D5072 98 which waswithdrawn November 2008 and reinstated in March 2009.DOI:10.1520/D5072-09E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 These interferences will cause a high bias if present in asignificant quantity.These interferences would be rare indrinking water samples but may be observed in some cases.6.2 A reduced or increased counting efficiency may result ifsample quenching is significantly different than that of thecalibration standard.6.3 Scintillation stock cocktails and sample cocktail mixesmust be dark-adapted to prevent artificial excitation of fluorswhich may lead to falsely elevated count rates which couldcompromise data quality.7.Apparatus7.1 Sampling Funnel.7.2 Tube,with standard faucet fitting.7.3 Disposable Syringe,12 mL capacity,with 20 gauge,38mm hypodermic needle.7.4 Glass Liquid Scintillatio