ASTM_D_4583_-_21.pdf

Designation:D458321Standard Practice forCarbon BlackCalculation of Process Indexes From anAnalysis of Process Control Data1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4583;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers(1)a statistical procedure foranalyzing the test data generated in the statistical processcontrol of a carbon black manufacturing process;(2)a formatfor reporting process capability determined from the analysisof control chart data of an individual production run,and(3)aformat for reporting process performance determined from theanalysis of control chart data of an individual production run.1.2 This practice specifically applies to the analysis ofpelleted carbon black samples taken during the manufacturingprocess prior to storage.This practice does not apply toshipment samples taken from hopper cars or other containers orpackages.1.3 This practice is specifically designed to be used forthose test methods given in Classification D1765 which specifytarget values.However,these techniques are applicable to othertest methods on carbon black.1.4 This practice describes the calculation for two methodsof determining capability factors from an analysis of processcontrol data.1.4.1 Process capability(Cp)is a measurement of variationcalculated from the process control chart data with the use ofan estimated standard deviation()from the mean value of themoving range(R)chart.The calculation of the process capa-bility(Cp and Cpk)indexes can be used as historical informa-tion or to predict future performance of the process,but areonly valid when the process is in a state of statistical control.1.4.2 Process performance(Pp)is a measurement of varia-tion calculated from the process control chart data usingsample standard deviation(s).The calculation of the processperformance(Pp and Ppk)indexes are used for a historicalreference of a process performance and does not require astate of statistical control.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used inRubber Products3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:,43.1.1 common cause,ndescriptor of inherent randomvariation in a system or process;the magnitude of the variationis within nominally accepted statistical limits.3.1.1.1 DiscussionCommon causes may be unidentifiableor may have known origins that are not easily controllable orcost effective to eliminate.3.1.2 state of statistical control,nprocess condition whenonly common causes are operating on the process.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the strict sense,a process being in astate of statistical control implies that successive values of thecharacteristic have the statistical character of a sequence ofobservations drawn independently from a common distribu-tion.3.1.3 average moving rangeR!the arithmetic mean of nmoving ranges,R5(R/n.3.1.4 Cpk indexan index that indicates how well thecommon cause process variability is actually contained withinthe specifications.(See 6.4.)3.1.5 moving range(R)the absolute difference betweenconsecutive,individual test values.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on CarbonBlack and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.61 on Carbon BlackSampling and Statistical Analysis.Current edition approved May 1,2021.Published May 2021.Originallyapproved in 1986.Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D4583 95(2019).DOI:10.1520/D4583-21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis,STP 15D,ASTMInternational,1976.4Ford Motor Company Manual on“Process Capability and Continuing ProcessControl,”Publication No.80-01-251.Available in packs of five from Ford MotorCompany,Statistical Methods Publications,P.O.Box 1000,Plymouth,MI 48170.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.13.1.6 Ppk indexindic