ASTM_D_4978_-_16.pdf

Designation:D497816Standard Test Methods forScreening of Reactive Sulfides in Waste1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4978;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods are applicable to the screening ofreactive sulfides in wastes,liquids,sludges,semisolids,andsolids by using the following methods:SectionsTest Method ALead Acetate Paper9 14Test Method BGas Detector Tube15 191.2 These test methods are not applicable in determining thetype and concentration of reactive sulfides.1.3 These test methods are designed and intended as apreliminary test to complement the more sophisticated quanti-tative analytical techniques that may be used to determinesulfide concentration.These test methods offer,to the user,theoption and the ability to screen waste for potentially hazardouslevels of reactive sulfide when the sophisticated techniques arenot available and the total waste composition is unknown.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazardinformation is given in Section 7 and 11.3.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent Water3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 reactive sulfidea compound containing sulfide thatreadily forms hydrogen sulfide gas upon reaction with acid.3.1.2 screening analysisa preliminary qualitative or semi-quantitative test developed from classical qualitative andquantitative techniques that is designed to efficiently give theuser parameters about a waste that will aid in determiningwaste identification,process compatibility,and safety in han-dling.4.Summary of Test Methods4.1 Method A:Lead Acetate PaperA sample of wastematerial is acidified.If sulfides are present in the waste,hydrogen sulfide(H2S)is evolved.In the presence of hydrogensulfide,lead acetate paper changes color to silvery brown orblack.4.2 Method B:Gas Detector TubeA portion of the sampleis acidified in a beaker to release sulfide as hydrogen sulfidegas.The gas is funneled through a detector tube creating acolor stain in the tube proportionate to the concentration ofsulfide gas in the vapor.A definite color change in the detectortube indicates a positive presence of sulfide.5.Significance and Use5.1 These test methods are intended for use by wastetreatment,storage,disposal,and remedial facilities,in order toshow the presence of potentially hazardous sulfide.5.2 Method B:Gas Detector TubeThis proposed testmethod was designed to measure gases migrating into an airspace at a height of 10 units(for example,10 ft)from areceiving or mixing pit of 10 units square(for example,100ft2).In essence,the total volume of the atmosphere is approxi-mately 10 times the surface area of the sample and testsolution.6.Reagents6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests.Unless otherwise indicated,it is intended thatall reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society wheresuch specifications are available.3Other grades may be used1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 onWaste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 onScreening Methods.Current edition approved May 1,2016.Published May 2016.Originallyapproved in 1989.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4978 95(2007)which was withdrawn January 2016 and reinstated in May 2016.DOI:10.1520/D4978-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Reagent Chemicals,American Chemical Society Specifications,AmericanChemical Society,Washington,DC.For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society,see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals,BDH Ltd.,Poole,Dorset,U.K.,and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary,U.S.Pharmacopeial Convention,Inc.(USPC),Rockville,MD.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy ofthe determination.6.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated,referencesto water shall be understood to mean reagent water as definedby Type III of Specification D1193.7.Hazards7.1 These tests should be conducted under a fume hood.