ASTM_D_4510_-_05_2009.pdf

Designation:D451005(Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forCounting Partial Cleavages in Wool and Other AnimalFibers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4510;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure,using themicroprojector,for the counting of partial cleavages in wooland other animal fibers.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD2525 Practice for Sampling Wool for MoistureD4845 Terminology Relating to Wool2.2 Other Document:Wool Products Labeling Act of 198333.Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.13,Wool and WoolFelt,refer to Terminology D4845.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:cashmere,coarse hair,cashmere coarse hair content,cashmeredown,cashmere hair.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles,see Termi-nology D123.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method describes a procedure:4.1.1 The segmenting of various test specimens in prepara-tion for testing,4.1.2 The projection on a screen of magnified images of therandomly sampled short segments of fiber from the small testspecimens,and4.1.3 The measurement of the number of partially cleavedfibers.5.Significance and Use5.1 Test Method D4510 for the counting of partialcleavages,may be used for the acceptance testing of commer-cial shipments of wool and other animal fibers,but caution isadvised,since information on between-laboratory precision islimited.Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advis-able.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments,the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there isa statistical bias between their laboratories.Competent statis-tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum,the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that arefrom a lot of material of the type in question.The testspecimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory for testing.The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo parties before the testing is begun.If a bias is found,eitherits cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light ofthe known bias.5.2 Chemically damaged or tendered fibers are recognizablemicroscopically by qualified operators and should not becounted as partial cleavages.Such fibers exhibit total loss ofcuticle,severe surface erosion,tenderizing cracks,longitudinalfibrillation,or a combination of these features(see Figs.1 and2).In a study of deliberately over-carbonized wool at onelaboratory,it was found that when more than 24 tendered fibers1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.Current edition approved July 1,2009.Published January 2010.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4510 05.DOI:10.1520/D4510-05R09.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Act of Congress,“Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939,”76th Congress,ThirdSession,approved October 14,1939.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 were seen in 1 m,partial cleavage counts were significantlyhigher than on similar fibers that were not overcarbonized.6.Apparatus and Material6.1 Microprojector4The microscope shall be equippedwith a fixed body tube,a focusable stage responsive to coarseand fine adjustments,a focusable substage with condenser andiris diaphragm,and a vertically installed adequate light sourceto give a precise magnification of 500,that is,a 12.5 eye-piece and a 21 0.50 numerical aperture objective.6.2 Stage Micrometer5calibrated in intervals of 0.01 mmfor accurate setting and control of the magnification.6.3 Fiber-Sec