ASTM_D_5390_-_21.pdf

Designation:D539021Standard Test Method forOpen-Channel Flow Measurement of Water with Palmer-Bowlus Flumes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5390;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers measurement of the volumetricflow rate of water and wastewater in sewers and other openchannels with Palmer-Bowlus flumes.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1941 Test Method for Open Channel Flow Measurementof Water with the Parshall FlumeD2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias ofApplicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on WaterD3858 Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurementof Water by Velocity-Area MethodD5242 Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurementof Water with Thin-Plate Weirs2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 4359 Liquid Flow Measurement in Open ChannelsRectangular,Trapezoidal and U-Shaped FlumesISO 555 Liquid Flow Measurements in Open ChannelsDilution Methods for Measurement of Steady FlowConstant Rate Injection Method32.3 ASME Standard:4Fluid Meters Their Theory and Application3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard,refer toTerminology D1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 boundary layer displacement thickness,na layer offluid flow adjacent to a solid surface(in this case,the flumethroat)in which,owing to viscous friction,the velocityincreases from zero at the stationary surface to an essentiallyfrictionless-flow value at the edge of the layer.The displace-ment thickness is a distance normal to the solid surface that thesurface and flow streamlines can be considered to have beendisplaced by virtue of the boundary-layer formation.3.2.2 critical flow,nthe energy in open channel flowexpressed in terms of depth plus velocity head and is aminimum for a given flow rate and channel.The Froudenumber is unity at critical flow.3.2.3 Froude number,na dimensionless number express-ing the ratio of inertial to gravity forces in free-surface flow.Itis equal to the average velocity divided by the square root ofthe product of the average depth and the acceleration due togravity.3.2.4 head,nthe depth of flow referenced to the floor ofthe throat measured at an appropriate location upstream of theflume;this depth plus the velocity head is often termed the totalhead or total energy head.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments,Geomorphology,and Open-Channel Flow.Current edition approved Nov.1,2021.Published January 2022.Originallyapproved in 1993.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5390 93(2013).DOI:10.1520/D5390-21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME),ASMEInternational Headquarters,Three Park Ave.,New York,NY 10016-5990,http:/www.asme.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.13.2.5 hydraulic jump,nan abrupt transition from super-critical flow to subcritical or tranquil flow,accompanied byconsiderable turbulence or gravity waves,or both.3.2.6 long-throated flume,na flume in which the prismaticthroat is long enough relative to the head for essent