ASTM_D_4857_-_12.pdf

Designation:D485712Standard Test Method forDetermination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize RingSticking and Piston Deposits in Two-Stroke-Cycle GasolineEngines Other Than Outboards1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4857;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method2evaluates the performance of lubri-cants intended for use in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gaso-line engines that are particularly prone to ring sticking.Pistonvarnish and spark plug fouling are also evaluated.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3B152/B152M Specification for Copper Sheet,Strip,Plate,and Rolled BarD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits(Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oilsand AdditivesD2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-matic Viscosity at 40 and 100CD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4052 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4629 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid PetroleumHydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion andChemiluminescence DetectionD4858 Test Method for Determination of the Tendency ofLubricants to Promote Preignition in Two-Stroke-CycleGasoline EnginesD4859 Specification for Lubricants for Two-Stroke-CycleSpark-Ignition Gasoline Engines-TCD4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine LubricantsD4951 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elementsin Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission SpectrometryE230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force(EMF)Tables for Standardized ThermocouplesG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 ANSI Standard:ANSI MC 96.1 American National Standard for Tempera-ture Measurement Thermocouples43.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 cold sticking,adjof piston rings,a condition inwhich the ring is free in its groove while the engine is runningbut stuck when the piston is cold,normally indicated by theabsence of varnish or other deposits on the outer face of thering and of signs of blowby on the piston skirt.3.1.2 combustion chamber,nin reciprocating internalcombustion engines,the volume bounded by the piston crown1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0.06 on Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline.Current edition approved Nov.1,2012.Published February 2013.Originallyapproved in 1988.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D485708.DOI:10.1520/D4857-12.2Until the next revision of this test method,the ASTM Test Monitoring Centerwill update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters.These canbe obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center,6555 PennAve.,Pittsburgh,PA15206-4489.Attention:Administrator.This edition incorporates revisions in allInformation Letters through No.12-1.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 and any portion of the cylinder walls extending above thepiston crown when in the top dead center position,and theinner surface of the cylinder head including any spark plugsand other inserted components.D48583.1.3 hot sticking,adjof piston rings,a condition in whichthe ring is stuck in its groove while the engine is running,normally indicated by varnish or other deposits on the outerface of the ring,by signs of blowby on the piston skirt,or both.3.1.4 lubricity,na qualitative term describing the abilityof a lubricant to minimize