ASTM_D_5195_-_21.pdf

Designation:D519521Standard Test Method forDensity of Soil and Rock In-Place at Depths Below Surfaceby Nuclear Methods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5195;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the calculation of the wetdensity of soil and rock by the attenuation of gamma radiation,where the gamma source and the gamma detector are placed atthe desired depth in a bored hole,typically lined by an accesstube.1.1.1 For limitations see Section 6,“Interference.”1.2 The wet density,in mass per unit volume of the materialunder test,is calculated by comparing the detected rate ofgamma radiation with previously established calibration data(see Annex A1).1.3 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.Thevalues stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-lents;therefore,to ensure conformance with the standard,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other,and valuesfrom the two systems shall not be combined.Within the text ofthis standard,SI units appear first followed by the inch-pound(or other non-SI)units in brackets.1.3.1 Reporting the test results in units other than SI shallnot be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguide for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected,recorded,and calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard.In addition,they are representative of thesignificant digits that should generally be retained.The proce-dures used do not consider material variation,purpose forobtaining the data,special purpose studies,or any consider-ations for the users objectives;and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8,“Hazards.”1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD1452/D1452M Practice for Soil Exploration and Samplingby Auger Borings3D1587/D1587M Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling ofFine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical PurposesD2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling ofRock for Site ExplorationD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by theDrive-Cylinder MethodD3441 Test Method for Mechanical Cone Penetration Test-ing of SoilsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4428/D4428M Test Methods for Crosshole Seismic Test-ingD5220/D5220M Test Method for Water Mass per Unit1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special andConstruction Control Tests.Current edition approved Sept.1,2021.Published October 2021.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5195 141.DOI:10.1520/D5195-21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Replace with continuous flight and hollowstream methods when available.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1Volume of Soil and Rock In-Place by the Neutron Dep