ASTM_D_4870_-_09_2014.pdf

Designation:D487009(Reapproved 2014)Designation:375/99Standard Test Method forDetermination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4870;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of totalsediment up to 0.40%m/m for distillate fuel oils containingresidual components and to 0.50%m/m in residual fuel oilshaving a maximum viscosity of 55 cSt(mm2/s)at 100C.Somefuels can exceed the maximum filtration time specified in thistest method due to factors other than the presence of significantquantities of insoluble organic or inorganic material.This testmethod can be used for the assessment of total sediment afterregimes of fuel pretreatment designed to accelerate the agingprocess.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specificwarning statements,see 7.2,7.3,Annex A1,and X1.6.1.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 total sedimentthe sum of the insoluble organic andinorganic material that is separated from the bulk of theresidual fuel oil by filtration through a Whatman GF/A filtermedium,and that is also insoluble in a predominantly paraf-finic solvent.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A weighed quantity(10 g)of the oil sample is filteredthrough the prescribed apparatus at 100C.After solventwashing and drying the total sediment on the filter medium isweighed.The test is to be carried out in duplicate.5.Significance and Use5.1 Appreciable amounts of sediment in a residual fuel oilcan cause fouling of facilities for handling,and give problemsin burner mechanisms.Sediment can accumulate in storagetanks,on filter screens,or on burner parts,resulting inobstruction of the flow of oil from the tank to the burner.6.Apparatus6.1 Filtration Apparatus,constructed of brass,with coppersteam coils attached,suitably supported above a vacuum flaskappropriately protected against the effects of implosion.SeeFigs.1 and 2.6.2 Temperature Measuring Device,capable of measuringthe temperature in the range from 95 to 105C with an accuracyof 0.5C.6.3 Oven,electric,capable of maintaining a temperature of110 6 1C.The oven should be capable of safely evaporatingthe solvent without risk of fire.6.4 Stirring Rod,glass or polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)approximately 150 mm in length and 3 mm in diameter.6.5 Beaker,glass,30 mL capacity,either squat form with lipor conical.6.6 Small Dishes,such as watch glasses or Petri dishes.6.7 Hotplate,electric.6.8 Steam Generator,to provide steam at 100 6 1C.6.9 Vacuum Source,capable of providing the specifiedvacuum.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved Dec.1,2014.Published February 2015.Originallyapproved in 1988.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4870 09.DOI:10.1520/D4870-09R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.10 Vacuum Gauge,capable of measuring the specifiedvacuum.6.11 Filter Medium,Whatman glass fiber filter medium,Grade GF/A,47 mm diameter.6.12 High Speed Mixer,any convenient type,minimumspeed 400 rpm.6.13 Desiccator.6.14 Cooling Vessel,a desiccator or other type of tightlycovered vessel for cooling the filter media before weighing.The use of a drying agent is not recommended.6.15 Syringe or Graduated Wash Bottle,minimum capacity25 mL,graduated in 0.5 mL increments.6.16 Forceps,spade-ended.7.Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests.Unless otherwise indicated,it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.3Other grades may beused,provided it is fir