ASTM_D_4859_-_13.pdf

Designation:D485913Standard Specification forLubricants for Two-Stroke-Cycle Spark-Ignition GasolineEngines-TC1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4859;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This specification covers lubricants intended for use intwo-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gasoline engines,typicallyother than outboard motors,that are particularly prone to ringsticking,but which are also liable to suffer damage arisingfrom deposit induced preignition,piston scuff,spark plugfouling and piston varnish.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oilsand AdditivesD2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-matic Viscosity at 40 and 100CD2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric Perchloric Acid TitrationD4857 Test Method for Determination of the Ability ofLubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Depositsin Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Out-boardsD4858 Test Method for Determination of the Tendency ofLubricants to Promote Preignition in Two-Stroke-CycleGasoline EnginesD4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants2.2 Coordinating European Council(CEC)Standard:CEC L-19-T-77 The Evaluation of the Lubricity of Two-Stroke Engine Oils33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 cold stickingof piston rings,a condition in which thering is free in its groove while the engine is running but stuckwhen the piston is cold,normally indicated by the absence ofvarnish or other deposits on the outer face of the ring and ofsigns of blowby on the piston skirt.D48573.1.2 combustion chamberin reciprocating internal com-bustion engines,the volume bounded by the piston crown andany portion of the cylinder walls extending above the pistoncrown when in the top dead center position,and the innersurface of the cylinder head including any spark plugs andother inserted components.D48583.1.3 hot stickingof piston rings,a condition in which thering is stuck in its groove while the engine is running,normallyindicated by varnish or other deposits on the outer face of thering,by signs of blowby on the piston skirt,or both.D48573.1.4 lubricitya qualitative term describing the ability of alubricant to minimize friction between and damage to surfacesin relative motion under load.D48633.1.5 preignitionin a spark-ignition engine,ignition of themixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber before thepassage of the spark.D48583.1.6 scuff,scuffngin lubrication,damage caused by in-stantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relativemotion which does not result in immobilization of the parts.D48633.1.7 seizurein lubrication,welding between surfaces inrelative motion that results in immobilization of the parts.D48631This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.06 on Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline.Current edition approved June 15,2013.Published July 2013.Originallyapproved in 1988.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4859 08.DOI:10.1520/D4859-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Order from the Coordinating European Council,61 New Cavendish Street,London,W1M 8AR,England.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.8 spark plug foulingdeposition of essentially noncon-ducting material onto the electrodes of a spark plug that may,but will not necessarily,prevent the plug from operating.D48573.1.9 spark plug whiskering,or spark plug bridgingadeposit of conductive material on the spark plug electrodeswhich tends to form a bridge between them,thus shorting outthe plug.D48573.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 benchmark reference oilan oil meeting the require-ments of a test of this specification and whose performance onthat test is equalled or exceeded by that of the candidate oilwithin the specified tolerances.3.2.2 major preignitionpreignition indicated by an in-crease i