ASTM_D_5037_-_90_1996e1.pdf

Designation:D 5037 90(Reapproved 1996)e1Standard Test Method forComparison ofWaterborne Petroleum Oils by High Performance LiquidChromatography1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5037;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEKeywords were added editorially in December 1996.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the qualitative comparison ofpetroleum oils recovered from water or beaches with thosecollected from suspected sources by the means of high perfor-mance liquid chromatography.1.2 This test method is applicable to weathered or unweath-ered samples as well as to samples subjected to simulatedweathering.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 9.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water2D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water2D 3325 Practice for Preservation of Waterborne OilSamples3D 3326 Practice for Preparation of Samples for Identifica-tion of Waterborne Oils3D 3415 Practice for Identification of Waterborne Oils3D 4489 Practices for Sampling of Waterborne Oils3E 131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy43.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminologies E 131 and D 1129 and PracticeD 3415.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 waterborne oil,nan oil,derived from petroleum,carried by a water system(ocean,bay,lake,river,etc.)usuallyat the surface but occasionally emulsified or dissolved in water.The waterborne oil may also be found deposited on beaches orbanks edging the water body.3.2.2 weathering of waterborne oil,adjincluding sucheffects as evaporation,dissolution,emulsification,oxidation,and biological decomposition.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of the chromatographic analy-sis of a dilute solution of a petroleum oil in acetonitrile injectedonto a reverse phase liquid chromatographic column.Isocraticdevelopment with acetonitrile as mobile phase is used toseparate components.Dual photometric flow cells(ultravioletand fluorescence)are used to monitor column effluent.4.2 Identification of the sample is made by visual compari-son of the samples chromatogram with the chromatograms ofpossible source samples.When weathering has occurred,it isnecessary to consider known weathering trends when matchingthe chromatograms.See 14.4 on weathering effects.5.Significance and Use5.1 Samples of oil recovered from a spill are compared withsamples of known oils selected because of their possiblerelationship to the particular recovered oil.The known oils arecollected from suspected sources.Samples of such known oilsmust be collected and submitted along with the unknown foranalysis.5.2 This test method is useful for the identification of thesource for petroleum oil spills.Using a fluorescence detector inaddition to the ultraviolet detector provides a second,indepen-dent profile of the same oil.Significantly more information isavailable from a single analysis with dual detection.5.3 The unknown oil is identified by the comparison of itschromatogram to the individual chromatograms(obtained atsimilar instrumental settings on the same apparatus)of thepossible source samples.A match of the entire chromatogrambetween the unknown and possible source sample indicates acommon source.Additional comparisons(refer to PracticeD 3415)are needed to strengthen conclusions.6.Interferences6.1 Compounds that have the same retention times as the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.31 on Identification ofWaterborne Oils.Current edition approved May 25,1990.Published November 1990.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 03.06.1AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS100 Barr Harbor Dr.,West Conshohocken,PA 19428Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.Copyright ASTMsample can interfere in the comparison of the unknown spill tothat of the known suspect oils.This is particularly true ifanimal fat or vegetable oil,naturally occurring hydrocarbons,or spill-treatment chemicals are present in relatively largeamounts.6.2 The spill chromatogram can also be altered significantlyif it has been contaminated by an appreciable amount ofanother oil.6.3 Storage of samples in improper containers(plastic)mayresult in contamination.This interference can be eliminated byobserving proper proce