ASTM_D_4868_-_17.pdf

Designation:D486817Standard Test Method forEstimation of Net and Gross Heat of Combustion ofHydrocarbon Burner and Diesel Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4868;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the gross andnet heat of combustion in SI units,megajoules per kilogram,ofhydrocarbon fuels and blendstocks from the fuel density andsulfur,water,and ash contents.1.1.1 This test method is not applicable to fuels containingnon-hydrocarbons such as alcohols(for example,ethanol,methanol),ethers(for example,MTBE),or esters(for example,biodiesel).NOTE1The equation for estimation of net and gross heat ofcombustion used in this method was originally published as NBSMiscellaneous Publication No.97.1.2 This test method is especially useful for estimating,using a minimum number of tests,the heat of combustion ofburner and diesel fuels(which do not contain non-hydrocarboncomponents)for which it is not usually critical to obtain veryprecise heat determinations.NOTE2More accurate estimation methods are available for aviationfuels(Test Methods D1405,D4529,and D3338).However,those estima-tion methods require additional tests to those required in this test method.1.3 This test method is purely empirical(Note 1).It wasderived using liquid hydrocarbon fuels produced by normalrefining processes from conventional crude oil that conform tothe requirements of specifications for petroleum fuels asdescribed in Note 3.This test method is valid for those fuels inthe density range from 750 kg/m3to 1000 kg/m3and those thatdo not contain an unusually high aromatic content.Higharomatic content fuels will not normally meet some fuelspecification criteria.NOTE3The estimation of the heat of combustion of a hydrocarbonfuel from its density and sulfur,water,and ash content is justifiable onlywhen the fuel belongs to well-defined classes for which a relationshipbetween these quantities have been derived from accurate experimentalmeasurements on representative samples of these classes.Even in theseclasses,the possibility that the estimate can be in error for individual fuelsshould be recognized.This test method has been tested for a limitednumber of fuels from oil sand bitumen and shale oil origin and has beenfound to be valid.The classes of fuels used to establish the correlationpresented in this test method are represented by the following applica-tions:Fuel(not applicable to any fuels containing non-hydrocarbon components)SpecificationFuel OilsGrades No.1,2,4(light),4,5(light),5(heavy),and6D396DieselGrades No.1-D,2-D,and 4-DD975Aviation TurbineJet A and Jet A-1D1655Jet BD6615Gas TurbineGrades No.0-GT,1-GT,2-GT,3-GT,and 4-GTD2880KeroseneGrades No.1-K and 2-KD36991.4 This test method is not applicable to pure hydrocarboncompounds.It is not intended as a substitute for highlyaccurate experimental measurements of heat of combustion(Note 4).NOTE4The procedures for the experimental determination of thegross and net heats of combustion are described in Test Methods D240 andD4809.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous Materials by DistillationD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Gen-eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.05 on Properties of Fuels,Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.Current edition approved Jan.1,2017.Published February 2017.Originallyapproved in 1988.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4868 00(2010).DOI:10.1520/D4868-17.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by