ASTM_D_4822_-_88_2014.pdf

Designation:D482288(Reapproved 2014)Standard Guide forSelection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of FluvialSediments(Manual Methods)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4822;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the selection of methods for deter-mining the size distribution of fluvial sediments particles in therange greater than 0.45 m using manual methods.Manualmethods are defined as those methods that require the operatorto do some actual measurements and calculations.An auto-mated method would be one which,after the sample isprepared and inserted into an instrument,the instrument(machine)does the measuring and calculations,not the opera-tor.Not all manual methods are presented in this guide.However,where available,at least two methods for eachparticle size range are given.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of SoilsD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD4410 Terminology for Fluvial SedimentD4411 Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in MotionE20 Practice for Particle Size Analysis of Particulate Sub-stances in the Range of 0.2 to 75 Micrometres by OpticalMicroscopy(Withdrawn 1994)33.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this guide,refer to Terminologies D1129 and D4410.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide,refer toTerminology D4410.3.2.2 particle counta method of particle size analysis inwhich the number of particles in the various size ranges arecounted manually.3.2.3 particle sizethe diameter,usually the intermediatediameter,of a particle measured by settling,sieving,micrometric,or direct measurement methods(see 5.2).3.2.4 particle size distributionthe relative amount of asediment sample in a range of specific sizes in terms ofpercentages by mass,volume,or number,finer than a givenparticle size.4.Summary of Guide4.1 This guide consists of suggested manual test methodsfor analyzing fluvial sediment samples for particle size distri-bution.5.Significance and Use5.1 This guide is general and useful in helping the user todetermine an appropriate manual test method for determiningthe particle size distribution of fluvial sediments.The sug-gested test methods are not described in this guide,butreferences are given so that the user may obtain more infor-mation about each test method.5.2 It should be noted that different test methods may andoften times do produce different particle size distributions forthe same sample.This is due in part to the different testmethods requiring native or distilled water,differences in1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments,Geomorphology,and Open-Channel Flow.Current edition approved Jan.1,2014.Published March 2014.Originallyapproved in 1988.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4822 88(2008).DOI:10.1520/D4822-88R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 dispersion methods used,and differences in what the testmethod is measuring,that is,physical or sedimentation diam-eter.6.Sampling6.1 Collect the samples in accordance with Guide D4411 or“Field Methods for Measurement of Fluvial Sediments”(1).47.Procedure7.1 Visually inspect the sample or streambed to estimateparticle size ranges contained in the sample.7.2 Enter Table 1 from the left.Determine the test methodsthat are appropriate for:(1)the estimated particle size con-tained in the sample,and(2)the desired reporting units.7.3 Details on each test method are given in the referenceslisted under each test method.7.4 Use Table 2 to estimate quantities of sediment neededfor each type of analysis.8.Precision and Bias8.1 The test methods suggested in this guide have differentprecision ranges and biases.See References(2-8)and TestMethod D422 for precision and bias information applicable foreach test method.9.Keywords9.1 particle si