ASTM_D_4646_-_16.pdf

Designation:D464616Standard Test Method for24-h Batch-Type Measurement of Contaminant Sorption bySoils and Sediments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4646;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determiningthe sorption affinity of waste solutes by unconsolidated geo-logic material in aqueous suspension.The waste solute may bederived from a variety of sources such as wells,underdrainsystems,or laboratory solutions such as those produced bywaste extraction tests like the Test Method D3987 shakeextraction method.1.2 This test method is applicable in screening and provid-ing relative rankings of a large number of geomedia samplesfor their sorption affinity in aqueous leachate/geomedia sus-pensions.This test method may not simulate sorption charac-teristics that would occur in unperturbed geologic settings.1.3 While this procedure may be applicable to both organicand inorganic constituents,care must be taken with respect tothe stability of the particular constituents and their possiblelosses from solution by such processes as degradation bymicrobes,light,hydrolysis,or sorption to material surfaces.This test method should not be used for volatile chemicalconstituents(see 6.1).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesD5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste ManagementD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD3987 Practice for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste withWaterD4319 Test Method for Distribution Ratios by the Short-Term Batch Method(Withdrawn 2007)3E2551 Test Method for Humidity Calibration(or Conforma-tion)of Humidity Generators for Use with Thermogravi-metric Analyzers3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this test method refer toTerminology D5681.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 distribution coeffcient,Kdthe ratio of the concentra-tion of solute sorbed on the soil or other geomedia divided byits concentration in solution.A 24-h Kdis the analogous ratioevaluated after 24 h of contact of the solute with the geomedia.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe dimensions of Kdreduce to unitsof volume per mass.It is convenient to express Kdin units ofmilliliters(or cubic centimeters)of solution per gram ofgeomedia.Dissimilar Kdvalues may be obtained if differentinitial solute concentrations are used,depending on the sorp-tion behavior of the solute and the properties of the geomedia(that is,nonlinear sorption curve).This concentration depen-dency may be absent where the solute concentrations aresufficiently low or the characteristics of the particular solute-sorbent combination yield Kdvalues that are independent of theconcentration of solute(that is,linear sorption curve).3.2.2 solutea chemical species(for example,ion,molecule,etc.)dissolved in a solution.3.2.3 sorbatea chemical species retained by a sorbent.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.04 on WasteLeaching Techniques.Current edition approved Sept.1,2016.Published November 2016.Originallyapproved as ES 10 85.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4646 03(2008).DOI:10.1520/D4646-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.4 sorbenta solid medium(for example,soil,sediment,till,etc.)in or upon which solutes are collected by absorptionor adsorption.3.2.5 sorptiona physical and chemical process by which asorbate is taken up or held(that is,sorbed)to a sorbent by acombination of adsorption and absorption.3.2.6 sorption affnitythe relative degree of sorption thatoccurs between a solute and a sorbent.3.2.7 unconsolidated geologic material(geomedia)aloosely aggregated solid natural material of geologic origin(forexample,soil,sediment,till,etc.).4.Summary of Test Method4.