ASTM_D_4716_-_D_4716M_-_14.pdf

Designation:D4716/D4716M14Standard Test Method forDetermining the(In-plane)Flow Rate per Unit Width andHydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using aConstant Head1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4716/D4716M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determiningthe flow rate per unit width within the manufactured plane ofgeosynthetics under varying normal compressive stresses and aconstant head.The test is intended primarily as an index testbut can be used also as a performance test when the hydraulicgradients and specimen contact surfaces are selected by theuser to model anticipated field conditions.1.2 This test method is limited to geosynthetics that allowcontinuous in-plane flow paths to occur parallel to the intendeddirection of flow.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products(RECPs)for TestingD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4491 Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextilesby PermittivityD5092 Practice for Design and Installation of GroundwaterMonitoring WellsD6574 Test Method for Determining the(In-Plane)Hydrau-lic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic by Radial FlowE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 geocomposite,na product fabricated from any com-bination of geosynthetics with geotechnical materials or othersynthetics which is used in a geotechnical application.(D4439)3.1.2 geonet,na geosynthetic consisting of integrallyconnected parallel sets of ribs overlying similar sets at variousangles for planar drainage of liquids or gases.(D4439)3.1.3 geosynthetic,na planar product manufactured frompolymeric material used with soil,rock,earth,or other geo-technical engineering related material as an integral part of aman-made project,structure,or system.(D4439)3.1.4 geotechnics,nthe application of scientific methodsand engineering principals to the acquisition,interpretation,and use of knowledge of material of the earths crust to thesolution of engineering problems.3.1.4.1 DiscussionGeotechnics embraces the fields of soilmechanics,rock mechanics,and many of the engineeringaspects of geology,geophysics,hydrology,and relatedsciences.(D4439)3.1.5 geotextile,na permeable geosynthetic comprisedsolely of textiles.(D4439)3.1.6 gravity flow,nflow in a direction parallel to theplane of a geosynthetic driven predominantly by a difference inelevation between the inlet and outflow points of a specimen.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe pressure at the outflow is consid-ered to be atmospheric.(D4439)3.1.7 head(static),nthe height above a standard datum ofthe surface of a column of water(or other liquid)that can besupported by a static pressure at a given point.The static headis the sum of the elevation head and the pressure head.(D5092)3.1.8 hydraulic gradient,i,nthe loss of hydraulic head perunit distance of flow,dh/dL.(D4439)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-ability and Filtration.Current edition approved Jan.1,2014.Published January 2014.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4716 08(2013).DOI:10.1520/D4716_D4716M-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.9 hydraulic transmissivity,(L2T1),nfor ageosynthetic,the volumetric flow rate per unit width ofspecimen per unit gradient in a direction parallel to the plane ofthe specimen.3.1.9.1 Discussion“transmissivity”is technically appli-cable only to saturated,laminar hydraulic flow conditions(seeAppendix X1).(D4439)3.1.10 in-plane flow,nfluid flow confined to a directionparallel to the plane of a geosynthetic.(D4439)3.1.11 index test,na test procedure that may contain