ASTM_D_460_-_91_2014.pdf

Designation:D46091(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Methods forSampling and Chemical Analysis of Soaps and SoapProducts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D460;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.These methods are identical in substance with the standard methods of the American Oil Chemists Society which were developed bythe Committee on Soap Analysis A-1 of that Society,and with those of the American Chemical Society.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and chemicalanalysis of cake,powdered,flake,liquid,and paste soaps,andsoap products.1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:SAMPLINGSectionGeneral Requirements4Cake Soaps,Flake and Powdered Soap Products whenPacked in Cans or Cartons5Flake and Powdered Soap Products when in Bulk6Liquid Soap7Paste Soap Products8Preparation of Samples9Test Methods for Chemical AnalysisSafety Precautions10Purity of Reagents11Duplicate Tests12Moisture:Choice of Method13Method AMatter Volatile at 105C(Oven Method)14Method BDistillation Method15 18Total Matter Insoluble in Alcohol19 and 20Free Alkali or Free Acid21Matter Insoluble in Water22Total Alkalinity of Matter Insoluble in Alcohol,Alkaline Salts23Combined Alkali,Total Anhydrous Soap24 and 25Combined Sodium and Potassium Oxides26 29Free Alkali and Potassium Carbonate in Potash PasteSoaps30 32Unsaponified plus Unsaponifiable Matter33 35Unsaponifiable Matter36 38Unsaponified Matter39Rosin(McNicoll Method)40 43Preparation of Total Fatty Matter,Fatty and Rosin Acids,and Unsaponified Matter44 and 45Titer Test46 and 47Acid Number of Fatty Acids48 and 49Iodine Number(Wijs Method)50 52Chlorides53 55Borax56 58Silica Present as Alkaline Silicates59 and 60Carbon Dioxide(Carbonates):Train-Absorption Method61 64Evolution-Volumetric Method65 68Phosphates69 76Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate77 79Sulfates80 and 81Glycerine,Sugars,and Starch:Glycerine in the Absence of Sugars82 84Glycerine in the Presence of Sugars85 and 86Starch87 and 88Sugars89 and 90Volatile Hydrocarbons91 95Copper(Trace Amounts)96 102Precision and Bias1031.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardstatements,see Section 10.Material Safety Data Sheets areavailable for reagents and materials.Review them for hazardsprior to usage.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D216 Method for Distillation of Natural GasolineD459 Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other DetergentsD1193 Specification for Reagent Water1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 onSoaps and Other Detergents and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD12.12 on Analysis and Specifications of Soaps,Synthetics,Detergents and theirComponents.Current edition approved Jan.1,2014.Published February 2014.Originallyapproved in 1937.Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D460 91(2005).DOI:10.1520/D0460-91R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3.Significance and Use3.1 Soap and soap products are widely used.These testmethods are suitable for setting specifications and performingquality control on soap and soap products.SAMPLING4.General Requirements4.1 The seller shall have the option of being represented atthe time of sampling,and when he so requests shall befurnished with a duplicate sample.5.Cake Soaps,Flake and Powdered Soap ProductsWhen Packed in Cans or Cartons5.1 One cake(can or carton)shall be taken at random fromnot less than 1%of the sellers shipping containers,providedeach package contains not less than 50 lb(22.7 kg).In the caseof smaller containers,a cake(can or carton)shall be taken atrandom from each lot of containers totaling not more than 5000lb(2268 kg),or fraction thereof.The gross sample shall in allcases consist of not less than three cakes(cans or cartons)takenat random from separate containers.To illustrate,if a totalshipment consists of 70 000 lb,all in 1400 containers wei