ASTM_D_4535_-_13e1.pdf

Designation:D4535131Standard Test Methods forMeasurement of Thermal Expansion of Rock UsingDilatometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4535;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial corrections were made throughout in February 2014.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the laboratory measurement ofthe one-dimensional linear thermal expansion of rocks using adilatometer.1.2 The methods are applicable between temperatures of25C to 300C.Both bench top and confined measurementtechniques are presented.Method A is used for unconfined orbench top measurements and Method B is used for confinedconditions.Rocks of varying moisture content can be tested.1.3 For satisfactory results in conformance with these testmethods,the principles governing the size,construction,anduse of the apparatus described in these test methods should befollowed.If the results are to be reported as having beenobtained by either test method,then the pertinent requirementsprescribed by that test method shall be met.1.4 These test methods do not establish details of construc-tion and procedures to cover all test situations that might offerdifficulties to a person without technical knowledge concerningthe theory of heat flow,temperature measurement,and generaltesting practices.Standardization of these test methods doesnot reduce the need for such technical knowledge.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard.The values given in parentheses are mathemati-cal conversions to inch-pound units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.Reporting oftest results in units other than SI shall not be regarded asnonconformance with this test method.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated,in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard.In addition,they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained.The proce-dures used do not consider material variation,purpose forobtaining the data,special purpose studies,or any consider-ations for the users objectives;and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analyticalmethods for engineering design.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or ProcessE83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-someter SystemsE228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of SolidMaterials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:1These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soiland Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on RockMechanics.Current edition approved Nov.1,2013.Published December 2013.Originallyapproved in 1985.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4535 08.DOI:10.1520/D4535-13E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in thisstandard,refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 specimen thermal strain,tD,nchange in length,(L2 L1),divided by the original length,L0,of the specimenwhen the specimen is subjected to heat.3.2.1.1 DiscussionSpecimen thermal strain is also equalto the corrected thermal expansion,t,divided by the originalspecimen length.3.2.2 mean coeffcient of linear expansion,m,na value,often expressed in parts per million per degree;obtained bydividing the linear thermal strain,(L2 L1)/L0),by t