Designation:D4580/D4580M−12StandardPracticeforMeasuringDelaminationsinConcreteBridgeDecksbySounding1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD4580/D4580M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thispracticecoversproceduresforsurveyingconcretebridgedecksbysoundingtodeterminedelaminationsintheconcrete.Itisnotintendedthattheproceduresdescribedhereinaretobeusedonbridgedecksthathavebeenoverlaidwithbituminousmixtures.Theproceduresmaybeusedonbridgedecksthathavebeenoverlaidwithportlandcementconcretemixtures;however,areasindicatedtobedelaminatedmayhavealackofbondbetweentheoverlayandtheunderlyingbridgedeck(Note1).NOTE1—Theinfluenceofvariablefieldconditionssuchastrafficnoise,vibration,moisturecontentoftheconcrete,andthelike,arenotcom-pletelyknownandadditionalinvestigationmaybeneeded.Itisgenerallyagreedthatthepracticeshouldnotbeusedonfrozenconcrete.1.2Thefollowingthreeproceduresarecoveredinthispractice:1.2.1ProcedureA,Electro-MechanicalSoundingDevice—Thisprocedureusesanelectricpoweredtappingdevice,sonicreceiver,andrecordermountedonacart.Thecartispushedacrossthebridgedeckanddelaminationsarerecordedontherecorder.1.2.2ProcedureB,ChainDrag—Thisprocedureconsistsofdraggingachainoverthebridgedecksurface.Thedetectionofdelaminationsisaccomplishedbytheoperatornotingdullorhollowsounds.Tappingthebridgedecksurfacewithasteelrodorhammermaybesubstitutedforthechaindrag.1.2.3ProcedureC,RotaryPercussion2—Thisprocedureconsistsofrollingadual-wheel,multi-toothedapparatusat-tachedtoanextensionpoleoverthebridgedecksurface.Thepercussiveforcecausedbythetappingwheelswillcreateeitheradullorhollowsoundindicatinganydelamination.1.3ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinch-poundunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalents;therefore,...
