ASTM_D_4580_-_D_4580M_-_12.pdf

Designation:D4580/D4580M12Standard Practice forMeasuring Delaminations in Concrete Bridge Decks bySounding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4580/D4580M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for surveying concretebridge decks by sounding to determine delaminations in theconcrete.It is not intended that the procedures described hereinare to be used on bridge decks that have been overlaid withbituminous mixtures.The procedures may be used on bridgedecks that have been overlaid with portland cement concretemixtures;however,areas indicated to be delaminated may havea lack of bond between the overlay and the underlying bridgedeck(Note 1).NOTE1The influence of variable field conditions such as traffic noise,vibration,moisture content of the concrete,and the like,are not com-pletely known and additional investigation may be needed.It is generallyagreed that the practice should not be used on frozen concrete.1.2 The following three procedures are covered in thispractice:1.2.1 Procedure A,Electro-Mechanical Sounding DeviceThis procedure uses an electric powered tapping device,sonicreceiver,and recorder mounted on a cart.The cart is pushedacross the bridge deck and delaminations are recorded on therecorder.1.2.2 Procedure B,Chain DragThis procedure consists ofdragging a chain over the bridge deck surface.The detection ofdelaminations is accomplished by the operator noting dull orhollow sounds.Tapping the bridge deck surface with a steel rodor hammer may be substituted for the chain drag.1.2.3Procedure C,Rotary Percussion2This procedureconsists of rolling a dual-wheel,multi-toothed apparatus at-tached to an extension pole over the bridge deck surface.Thepercussive force caused by the tapping wheels will create eithera dull or hollow sound indicating any delamination.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Significance and Use2.1 This practice may be used in conjunction with othermethods in determining the general condition of concretebridge decks.2.2 This practice may be used in determining specific areasof delamination requiring repair.PROCEDURE AELECTRO-MECHANICALSOUNDING DEVICE3.Summary of Procedure3.1 Longitudinal lines at a predetermined spacing are estab-lished on the bridge deck.3.2 After calibration,the sounding device is pushed alongthe established lines.Electrically powered tapping wheels emitvibrations into the deck that are sensed by sonic receivers.Areas of delamination are indicated by deflections on a stripchart recorder.3.3 All portions on the strip chart indicating delaminationsare plotted on a scaled map of the bridge deck.An outline ismade showing the areas of delamination.4.ApparatusNOTE2The apparatus described here has been found suitable and isthe most common type commercially available.Other apparatuses that donot exactly conform to these requirements such as sounding device,tapping rate,or sonic receivers may also be accepted.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road andPaving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 onBridges and Structures.Current edition approved Dec.15,2012.Published May 2013.Originallyapproved in 1986.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4580 03(2012).DOI:10.1520/D4580_D4580M-12.2The rotary sound detecting device for concrete and procedure are patentpending in the US Patent and Trademark Office by Philip K.Clark Company,Inc.,503 Central Drive,Suite 102,Virginia Beach,VA 23454.Interested parties areinvited to submit information regarding the identification of an alternative(s)to thispatent pending item to ASTM International Headquarters,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical subcommittee,1which you may attend.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.1 Electro-Mechanical Sounding DeviceA small,three-wheeled cart upon which is mounted a 12-V battery,twotapping wheels,two sonic receivers,a two-channel-striprecorder,and associated connectors and cables.4.1.1 Tapping Whee