ASTM_D_5195_-_14.pdf

Designation:D519514Standard Test Method forDensity of Soil and Rock In-Place at Depths Below Surfaceby Nuclear Methods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5195;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the calculation of the density ofsoil and rock by the attenuation of gamma radiation,where thegamma source and the gamma detector are placed at thedesired depth in a bored hole lined by an access tube.1.1.1 For limitations see Section 5 on Interference.1.2 The density,in mass per unit volume of the materialunder test,is calculated by comparing the detected rate ofgamma radiation with previously established calibration data(see Annex A1).1.3 A precision statement has not been developed for thisstandard at this time.Therefore,this standard should not beused for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasingpurposes unless correlated to other accepted ASTM standards.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are regarded as thestandard.The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only and may be approximate.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguide for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026.1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected,recorded,and calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard.In addition,they are representative of thesignificant digits that should generally be retained.The proce-dures used do not consider material variation,purpose forobtaining the data,special purpose studies,or any consider-ations for the users objectives;and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 7,“Hazards.”2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by AugerBorings3D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils forGeotechnical PurposesD2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling ofRock for Site InvestigationD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by theDrive-Cylinder MethodD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4428/D4428M Test Methods for Crosshole Seismic Test-ingD5220 Test Method for Water Mass per Unit Volume of Soiland Rock In-Place by the Neutron Depth Probe MethodD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataD6938 Test Method for In-Place Density and Water Contentof Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods(ShallowDepth)3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of common technical termsin this standard,refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special andConstruction Control Tests.Current edition approved July 1,2014.Published August 2014.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5195 08.DOI:10.1520/D5195-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Replace with continuous flight and hollowstream methods when available.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.1 wet densitysame as bulk density(as defined inTerminology D653);the total mass(solids plus water)per totalvolume.3.2.2 gamma(radiation)sourcea sealed,radioactive ma-terial that emits gamma radiation as it decays.3.2.3 gamma detectora device to observe and measuregamma radiation.3.2.4 Compton scatteringthe interaction between agamma ray(photon)and an orbital electron where the gammaray loses energy and rebounds in a different direction.3.2.5 volumetric water contentthe volume of water as apercent of the total volume of soil or rock material.4.Significance and Use4.1 T