ASTM_D_4516_-_19a.pdf

Designation:D451619aStandard Practice forStandardizing Reverse Osmosis Performance Data1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4516;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the standardization of permeateflow,salt passage,and coefficient of performance data forreverse osmosis(RO)systems.1.2 This practice is applicable to waters including brackishwaters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to wastewaters.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD4194 Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Re-verse Osmosis and Nanofiltration DevicesD6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration,Ultrafiltration,Nanofiltration,and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard,refer toTerminologies D1129 and D6161.3.1.2 For description of terms relating to RO,refer to TestMethods D4194 and Terminology D6161.4.Summary of Practice4.1 This practice consists of calculating the permeate flow,salt passage of RO systems,and coefficient of performance ofRO at a standard set of conditions using data obtained at actualoperating conditions.5.Significance and Use5.1 During the operation of an RO system,system condi-tions such as pressure,temperature,conversion,and feedconcentration can vary,causing permeate flow and salt passageto change.To effectively evaluate system performance,it isnecessary to compare permeate flow and salt passage data atthe same conditions.Since data may not always be obtained atthe same conditions,it is necessary to convert the RO dataobtained at actual conditions to a set of selected constantconditions,thereby standardizing the data.This practice givesthe procedure to standardize RO data.5.2 This practice can be used for both spiral wound andhollow fiber systems.5.3 This practice can be used for a single element or amulti-element system.However,if the RO system is brinestaged,that is,the brine from one group of RO devices is thefeed to a second group of RO devices,standardize the permeateflow and salt passage for each stage separately.5.4 This practice is applicable for RO systems with highrejections and with no significant leaks between the feed-brineand permeate streams.6.Procedure6.1 Standardization of Permeate Flow:6.1.1 Calculate the permeate flow at standard conditionsusing Eq 1:Qps5FPfs2Pfbs22 Pps2 fbs1psGTCFs!FPfa2Pfba22 Ppa2 fba1paGTCFa!Qpa!(1)1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and IonExchange Materials.Current edition approved Nov.1,2019.Published November 2019.Originallyapproved in 1985.Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D4516 19.DOI:10.1520/D4516-19A.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 where:Qps=permeate flow at standard conditions,Pfs=feed pressure at standard conditions,kPa,Pfbs2=one-half device pressure drop at standard conditions,kPa,Pps=permeate pressure at standard conditions,kPa,fbs=feed-brine osmotic pressure at standard conditions,kPa,ps=permeate osmotic pressure at standard conditions,kPa,TCFs=temperature correction factor at standard conditions,Qpa=permeate flow at actual conditions,Pfa=feed pressure at actual conditions,kPa,Pfba2=one-half device pressure drop at actual conditions,kPa,Ppa=permeate pressure at actual conditions,kPa,fba=feed