ASTM_D_5030_-_D_5030M_-_21.pdf

Designation:D5030/D5030M21Standard Test Methods forDensity of In-Place Soil and Rock Materials by the WaterReplacement Method in a Test Pit1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5030/D5030M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thein-place density of soil and rock materials using water to fill alined test pit to determine the volume of the test pit.The use ofthe word“rock”in these test methods is used to imply that thematerial being tested will typically only contain particles largerthan 3 in.75 mm.1.2 These test methods are best suited for test pits with avolume between approximately 3 and 100 ft30.08 and 3 m3.In general,the materials tested would have maximum particlesizes over 5 in.125 mm.These test methods may be used forlarger sized excavations if desirable.1.2.1 This procedure is usually performed using circularmetal templates with inside diameters of 3 ft 0.9 m or more.Other shapes or materials may be used providing they meet therequirements of these test methods and the guidelines given inAnnex A1 for the minimum volume of the test pit.1.2.2 Test Method D4914 may be used as an alternativemethod.Its use,however,is usually only practical for volumedetermination of test pits between approximately 1 and 6 ft30.03 and 0.2 m3.1.2.3 Test Method D1556 or Test Method D2167 is usuallyused to determine the volume of test holes smaller than 1 ft30.03 m3.1.3 The two procedures are described as follows:1.3.1 Procedure AIn-Place Density and Density of TotalMaterial(Section 12).1.3.2 Procedure BIn-Place Density and Density of Con-trol Fraction(Section 13).1.4 Selection of Procedure:1.4.1 Procedure A is used when the in-place density of thetotal material is to be determined.ProcedureAcan also be usedto determine percent compaction or percent relative densitywhen the maximum particle size present in the in-placematerial being tested does not exceed the maximum particlesize allowed in the laboratory compaction test(Test MethodsD698,D1557,D4253,D4254,and D7382).For Test MethodsD698 and D1557 only,the density determined in the laboratorycompaction test may be corrected for larger particle sizes inaccordance with,and subject to the limitations of,PracticeD4718.1.4.2 Procedure B is used when percent compaction orpercent relative density is to be determined and the in-placematerial contains particles larger than the maximum particlesize allowed in the laboratory compaction test methods previ-ously described or when Practice D4718 is not applicable forthe laboratory compaction test method.Then,the material isconsidered to consist of two fractions,or portions.The materialobtained from the in-place density test is physically dividedinto a control fraction and an oversize fraction based on adesignated sieve size.The density of the control fraction iscalculated and compared with the density(ies)established bythe laboratory compaction test method(s).1.4.3 Often,the control fraction is the minus No.4 4.75-mm sieve size material for cohesive or nonfree-drainingmaterials and the minus 3-in.75-mm sieve size material forcohesionless,free-draining materials.While other sizes may beused for the control fraction such as38,34-in.9.5,19-mm,these test methods have been prepared using only the No.44.75-mm and the 3-in.75-mm sieve sizes for clarity.1.5 Any soil and rock material can be tested,provided thatthe material being tested has sufficient cohesion or particleattraction to maintain stable side walls during excavation of thetest pit and through completion of this test.It should also befirm enough not to deform or slough due to the minor pressuresexerted while digging the hole and filling it with water.1.6 These test methods are generally limited to material inan unsaturated or partially saturated condition above theground water table and is not recommended for materials thatare soft or friable(crumble easily)or in a moisture conditionsuch that water seeps into the excavated hole.The accuracy ofthe test may be affected for materials that deform easily or thatmay undergo volume change in the excavated hole fromstanding or walking near the hole while performing the test.1.7 UnitsThe values stated in either inch-pound units orSI units presented in brackets are to be regarded separately asstandard.The values stated in each system may not be exact1These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soiland Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special andConstruction Control Tests.Current edition approved May 15,2021.Published June 2021.Originallyapproved in 1989.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5030 13a.DOI:10.1520/D5030_D5030M-21.*A Summary of Changes section appear