ASTM_D_494_-_11_2019.pdf

Designation:D49411(Reapproved 2019)Standard Test Method forAcetone Extraction of Phenolic Molded or LaminatedProducts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D494;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amountof acetone-soluble matter in molded or laminated phenolicproducts.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE1This test method is similar to ISO 308.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 308 PlasticsPhenolicmouldingmaterialsDetermination of acetone-soluble matter(apparent resincontent of material in the unmoulded state)3.Terminology3.1 All definitions are in accordance with TerminologyD883.4.Significance and Use4.1 For molded phenolic products,acetone extraction shallbe considered solely as a quantitative expression of a propertynormally associated with degree of cure.There is no demon-strably rigorous relation between the optimum mechanical andelectrical properties of a well-cured piece and the numericalvalue of the acetone test.The amount of acetone-soluble matteris affected by:(1)nature of resin and filler,(2)lubricant,(3)molding temperature,(4)length of cure,(5)thickness of thesection from which sample is taken,(6)nature of molded piece,(7)technique used in molding,(8)distribution of fines in thematerial to be extracted,and(9)method of grinding thespecimen.These variations under some conditions will cause adifference of 3 to 4%in acetone-extractable matter.For thisreason,the test method shall be used only as a comparative testfor measuring undercure.4.2 For laminated phenolic products,acetone extractionindicates change in stage of cure,change in resin content,change in type of resin used,presence of plasticizers or otheracetone-extractable addition agents,and is affected in generalby the same factors as stated in 6.15.Apparatus5.1 SievesThe set of sieves used shall consist of sievesNos.40(425-m)and 140(106-m),with a cover andreceiving pan,conforming to the requirements of SpecificationE11.5.2 Extraction ApparatusThe apparatus may be of thetype shown in Fig.1,or a Wiley-Richardson type,as shown inFig.2.The former type is more suitable for use with smallelectric hot plates,while the latter is more suitable for use withoil or water baths.In either case,it shall be possible to controlthe temperature so that the rate of extraction can be regulatedaccurately.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.Current edition approved Nov.1,2019.Published November 2019.Originallyapproved in 1946.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D494-11.DOI:10.1520/D0494-11R19.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 5.3 Drying DishesThe drying dishes shall be lightweightdishes,approximately 63.5 mm(212in.)in diameter and 38.1mm(112in.)in height.6.Preparation of Sample6.1 PrecautionsIt is of utmost importance that extremecare shall be taken during the preparation of the sample forextraction.The sample shall be drillings if possible;however,if