ASTM_D_5104_-_02.pdf

Designation:D 5104 02Standard Test Method forShrinkage of Textile Fibers(Single-Fiber Test)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5104;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the shrink-age of crimped or uncrimped single staple fibers when exposedto hot air or to near the boiling point of water.NOTE1For shrinkage of fibers by the bundle test,refer to TestMethod D 2102.1.1.1 This test method is also used on staple fibers andfilaments removed from tow or yarn.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineither system are not exact equivalents;therefore,each systemmust be used independently of the other.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles2D 1577 Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers2D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles and Textiles forTesting2D 2102 Test Method for Shrinkage of Textile Fibers(Bundle Test)2D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing2D 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed Data2D 3333 Practice for Sampling Man-Made Staple Fibers,Sliver,or Tow for Testing3D 3888 Terminology Related to Open-End Spinning3D 3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects3D 4849 Terminology Relating to Fibers and Yarns32.2 ASTM Adjuncts:TEX-PAC43.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method:shrinkage,see Terminology D 4849.3.1.2 For other textile terms used in this test method,seeTerminology standards D 123,D 3888,D 3990,and D 4849.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A conditioned single fiber is lightly loaded betweenclamps and the nip-to-nip length measured.Without beingremoved from the clamps,the fiber is relieved of the load andexposed to the test environment,typically,water near boil orhot air at specified temperature for a specified length of time.After reconditioning,the fiber length is remeasured under thesame loading and the shrinkage is calculated.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method may be used for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipments of textile fibers,however caution isadvised because information about between-laboratory preci-sion is incomplete.Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 maybe advisable.See Section 13 for single-laboratory information.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories(or more),comparative test should be performed to determine if there is astatistical bias between them,using competent statistical assis-tance.As a minimum,use the samples for such a comparativetests that are as homogeneous as possible,drawn from the samelot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate resultsduring initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory.The test results from the laboratoriesinvolved should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data,a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries.If a bias is found,either its cause must be found andcorrected,or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D 13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarn and Fiber TestMethods.Current edition approved Sept.10,2002.Published November 2002.Originallypublished as D 5104 90.Last previous edition D 5104 96.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 07.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 07.02.4PC Programs on floppy disks are available through ASTM.For a 312-in.diskrequest PCN:12-429040-18.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.5.2 This test method is applicable to all single fibers.Due tovariability of individual fiber shrinkage,it is recommended thata large number of fibers of the same material be tested toreduce errors in estimating shrinkage.5.3 Results obtained by this test method can be used for thefollowing purposes:5.3.1 As an aid in predicting the dimensional stability offabrics to wet processing,5.3.2 As an aid in predicting the dimensional stability offabrics during processing at elevated temperatures,and5.3.3 As a control measure in the manufacture of some typesof fibers.6.Apparatus and Materials6.1 Single Fiber Shrinkage Apparatus,consisting of adevice to hold a num