ASTM_D_4860_-_21.pdf

Designation:D486021Standard Test Method forFree Water and Particulate Contamination in MiddleDistillate Fuels(Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4860;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers a rapid,portable means for fieldand laboratory use to inspect visually for particulate matter andnumerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillatefuels.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific warning statements,see 11.2.3 and Annex A1.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in AviationFuel by Line SamplingD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products,LiquidFuels,and LubricantsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-nation in Distillate Fuels(Visual Inspection Procedures)D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products,Lubricating Oils,and Additives by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer Titration3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method,referto Terminology D4175.3.1.2 clear-and-bright(also termed clean-and-bright),nacondition in which the fuel contains no visible water drops orparticulates and is free of haze or cloudiness.3.1.3 free water,nwater in excess of that soluble in theliquid sample(fuel)at the temperature of the test and usuallyappearing in the liquid sample(fuel)as a haze(cloudiness),droplets,or water layer.3.1.4 solid particulate,nin liquid fuels,small solid orsemi-solid particles,sometimes referred to as silt or sediment,present in fuel.3.1.4.1 DiscussionSome examples of solid particulatesare air-blown dust,corrosion by-products,internal protective-coating deterioration,and products of fuel degradation andmicrobial growth.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Micro-Separometer3clear-and-bright(MSEPC&B3),na numerical rating indicating the presence and ease ofremoval of free water and particulate contamination by filtra-tion.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Visual inspection of the fuel sample for free water andparticulate matter is performed immediately when the sampleis taken.A glass container is used to view for water haze,andthe fuel sample is swirled to create a vortex to detect thepresence of particulate matter.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.14 on Stability,Cleanliness and Compatibility of LiquidFuelsStability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved Dec.1,2021.Published January 2022.Originallyapproved in 1988.Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D4860 14(2019).DOI:10.1520/D4860-21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3MSEP and Micro-Separometer are trademarks of EMCEE Electronics,Inc.,520 Cypress Ave.,Venice,FL 34285.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.14.2 Anumerical rating for free water is obtained by filteringa portion of the fuel sample at a programmed rate(50 mL 45 s)through a standard fiberglass coalescer/filter.A portion of theeffluent is used to establish a reference(100)level by a lighttransmittance measuremen