ASTM_D_482_-_13.pdf

Designation:D48213Designation:4/96Standard Test Method forAsh from Petroleum Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D482;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of ash in therange 0.0010.180 mass%,from distillate and residual fuels,gas turbine fuels,crude oils,lubricating oils,waxes,and otherpetroleum products,in which any ash-forming materials pres-ent are normally considered to be undesirable impurities orcontaminants(Note 1).The test method is limited to petroleumproducts which are free from added ash-forming additives,including certain phosphorus compounds(Note 2).NOTE1In certain types of samples,all of the ash-forming metals arenot retained quantitatively in the ash.This is particularly true of distillateoils,which require a special ash procedure in order to retain metalsquantitatively.NOTE2This test method is not intended for the analysis of unusedlubricating oils containing additives;for such samples use Test MethodD874.Neither is it intended for the analysis of lubricating oils containinglead nor for used engine crankcase oils.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.The preferred expression of the property is mass%.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oilsand AdditivesD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4928 Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by CoulometricKarl Fischer TitrationD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceD6792 Practice for Quality System in Petroleum Productsand Lubricants Testing Laboratories3.Summary of Test Method3.1 The sample contained in a suitable vessel is ignited andallowed to burn until only ash and carbon remain.Thecarbonaceous residue is reduced to an ash by heating in amuffle furnace at 775C,cooled and weighed.4.Significance and Use4.1 Knowledge of the amount of ash-forming materialpresent in a product can provide information as to whether ornot the product is suitable for use in a given application.Ashcan result from oil or water-soluble metallic compounds orfrom extraneous solids such as dirt and rust.5.Apparatus5.1 Evaporating Dish or Crucible,made of platinum,silica,or porcelain,of a capacity of 50 to 150 mL.NOTE3Alumina vessels may be used where appropriate.The use ofvessels that are not made of platinum may contaminate the ash.5.2 Electric Muffle Furnace,capable of maintaining a tem-perature of 775 6 25C and preferably having suitableapertures at the front and rear so as to allow a slow naturaldraught of air to pass through or a programmable furnacecontrolling both temperature and air flow is suitable.5.3 Meeker Gas Burner,or equivalent.5.4 Mechanical Shaker.5.5 Filter Paper.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.Current edition approved June 15,2013.Published August 2013.Originallyapproved in 1938.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D482 12.DOI:10.1520/D0482-13.In the IP,this test method is under the jurisdiction of the StandardizationCommittee.This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1965.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.Reagents6.1 Propan-2-ol(WarningFlammable,can be explo-sive when evaporated to or near dryness.)6.2 Toluene(WarningFlammable,toxic.)6.3 Quality Control(QC)Samples,preferably are portionsof one or more liquid petroleum materials that are stable andrepresentative of the samples of interest.These QC samplescan be used to check the validity of the testing process asdescribed in Section 11.7.Sampling7.1 Obtain samples in accordance with the instructions inPractice D4057 or D4177.Before