ASTM_D_5661_-_95_2001.pdf

Designation:D 5661 95(Reapproved 2001)Standard Test Method forRelative Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5661;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining therelative solvency of petroleum oils used in ink formulations bya pentaerythritol ester of resin acids(PKP)2titration.1.2 This test method is applicable to petroleum oils thathave an initial boiling point over 90C and a dry point under500C as determined by Method D 86.1.3 This test method,along with viscosity measurements asdetermined by Test Method D 445,is used to ensure thecompositional consistency of petroleum oils.It can also differ-entiate between hydrotreated and non-hydrotreated oils thathave the same viscosity.1.4 This test method includes the use of a U.S.OccupationalSafety and Health Administration(OSHA)designated flam-mable chemical,pentane.Consult the suppliers material safetydata sheet for specific hazard information and guidance relativeto use.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazardstatements are given in 1.3.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric Pressure3D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)3D 611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed AnilinePoint of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents3D 841 Specification for Nitration Grade Toluene4E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method53.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 PKP value of a solventthe volume in millilitres,at25 6 2C,of pentane required to produce a defined degree ofturbidity of a mixture containing 10 g of the test oil and 5 g ofa standard solution of a pentaerythritol ester of resin acids intoluene.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A 40%solution by weight of PKP in toluene isstandardized in two steps by mixing with toluene and titratingwith pentane,and also by mixing with a toluene-heptanesolution and titrating with pentane until a turbidity end point isreached.4.2 The standardized PKP solution is mixed with the test oiland titrated with pentane.The test result is expressed asmillilitres of pentane.5.Significance and Use5.1 PKP values indicate high aromatic or high naphtheniccontent,or both,which contributes to high relative solvency ofthe oil.6.Apparatus6.1 Magnetic Stirrer,with stir bar.6.2 Erlenmeyer Flask,1000-mL capacity.6.3 Glass Beaker,250-mL capacity.6.4 Burette,50-mL capacity.6.5 Print Specimen,such as a 152 by 152 mm sheet ofnewspaper with 10-point type.6.6 Analytical Balance,100-g capacity,with reproducibilityof 0.01 g.6.7 Sieve Screen,10 mesh.7.Reagents7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests.Unless otherwise indicated,it is intended that1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.Current edition approved Feb.15,1995.Published April 1995.2PentalyntK(PKP)is a pentaerythritol ester of dimeric resin acids and isavailable from Hercules Incorporated,Resins Group,Hercules Plaza,Wilmington,DE 19894.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 06.04.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM,100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society wheresuch specifications are available.6Other grades may be used,provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy ofthe determination.7.2 PKP Solution(40%)Weigh out 200 g of fresh(lessthan 60 days old)high-dilutability PentalyntK flakes,4whichhave been sieved through a No.10 mesh screen to removefines.Add this to a 1000-mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 300g of toluene,and mix.The flakes dissolve slowly;however,placing the flask in an ultrasonic water bath speeds up theprocess.The solution is allowed to sit for at least three days,with frequent stirring,to allow it to equilibrate.7.3 Toluene,conforming to Specification D 841,for use as ahigh-solvency standard.7.4 HeptaneToluene Blend,consisting of 25 6 0.1%toluene and 75 6 0.1%n-heptane on a weight basis,for use asa low-solvency standard.The