ASTM_D_4874_-_95_2014.pdf

Designation:D487495(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forLeaching Solid Material in a Column Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4874;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method is a standard laboratory procedure forgenerating aqueous leachate from materials using a columnapparatus.It provides a leachate suitable for organic analysis ofsemivolatile and nonvolatile compounds as well as inorganicanalyses.1.2 The column apparatus is designed and constructed ofmaterials chosen to enhance the leaching of low concentrationsof semivolatile and nonvolatile organic constituents as well asto maximize the leaching of metallic species from the solid.Analysis of column effluent provides information on theleaching characteristics of material under the conditions usedin the test.1.3 This test method provides for the passage of an aqueousfluid through materials of known mass in a saturated up-flowmode.1.4 It is intended that the sample used in the procedure bephysically,chemically,and biologically representative of thematerial.1.5 This test method does not produce results that can beused as the sole basis for(1)engineering design of a disposalsite,or(2)the characterization of wastes based on theirleaching characteristics.1.6 This test method has the following limitations:1.6.1 Maximum particle size is 10 mm(0.4 in.).Particle sizereduction is not recommended.Large-diameter material(cinders,rocks,and so forth)should be removed prior topacking the column to ensure adequate compaction.1.6.2 Test materials containing densely immiscible organicmaterial may result in phase separation and lead to columnplugging.1.6.3 This test method does not differentiate between dis-solved constituents and sub-70-m particulates that passthrough the pores of the end plates.1.6.4 This test method is not applicable to the leachabilitycharacterization of materials with regard to volatile com-pounds.1.6.5 This test method is not applicable to the characteriza-tion of materials that dissolve in water to a degree thatsignificantly impacts the void volume in the column or thedetermination of the specific gravity of the material.1.7 Application of this test method to materials with initiallow permeability,or to those that lose permeability over thecourse of the test,may result in long testing periods.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are in approximateinch-pound equivalents.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C819 Test Method for Specific Surface Area of Carbon orGraphite(Withdrawn 1987)3D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of SoilsD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort(12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids byWater PycnometerD1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-tivity of WaterD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1293 Test Methods for pH of WaterD1498 Test Method for Oxidation-Reduction Potential ofWaterD1888 Methods Of Test for Particulate and Dissolved Matterin Water(Withdrawn 1989)31This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.04 on WasteLeaching Techniques.Current edition approved May 1,2014.Published May 2014.Originallyapproved in 1989.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4874 95(2006).DOI:10.1520/D4874-95R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils(Constant Head)D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD3694 Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers andfor Preservation of Organic ConstituentsD4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and UnitWeight of Soils Using a Vibratory TableE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 reagent wateras defined i