ASTM_D_4814_-_21c.pdf

Designation:D481421cStandard Specification forAutomotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4814;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This specification covers the establishment of require-ments of liquid automotive fuels for ground vehicles equippedwith spark-ignition engines.1.2 This specification describes various characteristics ofautomotive fuels for use over a wide range of operatingconditions.It provides for a variation of the volatility and watertolerance of automotive fuel in accordance with seasonalclimatic changes at the locality where the fuel is used.For theperiod May 1 through September 15,the maximum vaporpressure limits issued by the United States(U.S.)Environmen-tal Protection Agency(EPA)are specified for each geographi-cal area except Alaska,Hawaii,and the U.S.Territories.Variation of the antiknock index with seasonal climaticchanges and altitude is discussed in Appendix X1.Thisspecification neither necessarily includes all types of fuels thatare satisfactory for automotive vehicles,nor necessarily ex-cludes fuels that can perform unsatisfactorily under certainoperating conditions or in certain equipment.The significanceof each of the properties of this specification is shown inAppendix X1.1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this specifi-cation are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates,such asalcohols and ethers and where gasoline is the primary compo-nent by volume in the blend.The concentrations and types ofoxygenates are not specifically limited in this specification.The composition of both unleaded and leaded fuel is limited byeconomic,legal,and technical consideration,but theirproperties,including volatility,are defined by this specifica-tion.In many countries,regulatory authorities having jurisdic-tion have set laws and regulations that limit the concentrationof oxygenates and certain other compounds found in spark-ignition engine fuel.In the United States,oxygenate types andconcentrations are limited to those approved under the U.S.Environmental Protection Agencys(EPA)substantially simi-lar rule(see X3.3.1),waivers,and partial waivers includingsome restrictions on vehicle and equipment use(see X3.3.2).With regard to fuel properties,including volatility,this speci-fication can be more or less restrictive than the EPA rules,regulations,and waivers.Refer to Appendix X3 for discussionsof EPA rules relating to fuel volatility,lead and phosphorouscontents,sulfur content,benzene content,deposit controladditive certification,and use of oxygenates in blends withunleaded gasoline.Contact the EPA for the latest versions ofthe rules and additional requirements.1.4 This specification does not address the emission char-acteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel.Refor-mulated spark-ignition engine fuel is required in some areas tolower emissions from automotive vehicles,and its character-istics are described in Monograph 12(MONO12)on reformu-lated spark-ignition engine fuel.2However,in addition to thelegal requirements found in MONO12,reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel should meet the performance requirementsfound in this specification.1.5 This specification represents a description of automotivefuel as of the date of publication.The specification is undercontinuous review,which can result in revisions based onchanges in fuel,automotive requirements,or test methods,or acombination thereof.All users of this specification,therefore,should refer to the latest edition.NOTE1If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of SpecificationD4814,contact ASTM International Headquarters.1.6 The type of fuel under consideration must first beidentified in order to select applicable tests.Test MethodD4815 provides a procedure for determining oxygenate con-centration in mass percent.Test Method D4815 also includesprocedures for calculating mass oxygen content and oxygenateconcentration in volume percent.Appendix X4 provides aprocedure for calculating the mass oxygen content of a fuelusing measured oxygenate type,oxygenate concentration involume percent,and measured density or relative density of thefuel.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.Current edition approved Dec.15,2021.Published December 2021.Originallyapproved in 1988.Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D4814 21b.DOI:10.1520/D4814-21C.2MONO12,“U.S.Reformulated Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel and the U.S.Renewable Fuel Standard”is available from ASTM Interna