ASTM_D_4728_-_06_2012.pdf

Designation:D472806(Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forRandom Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4728;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the random vibration testing offilled shipping units.Such tests may be used to assess theperformance of a container with its interior packing and meansof closure in terms of its ruggedness and the protection that itprovides the contents when subjected to random vibrationinputs.1.2 This test method provides guidance in the developmentand use of vibration data in the testing of shipping containers.NOTE1Sources of supplementary information are listed in theReference section(1-10).21.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific safetyhazard statements are given in Section 6.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers,Packages,orPackaging Components for Testing2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 13355 PackagingComplete,filled transport packagesand unit loadsVertical random vibration test43.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 GeneralDefinitions for the packaging and distribu-tion environments are found in Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bandwidththe difference,in Hz,between the upperand lower limits of a frequency band.For the purposes of thistest method,the bandwidth may be considered equivalent tothe frequency resolution of a spectrum analysis.3.2.2 closed-loopa condition of control where the inputmay be modified over time by the effect of the output orresponse of the system.3.2.3 decibel(dB)ten times the base 10 logarithm of aratio of two power like quantities that is,a PSD.Two PSDlevels that have a ratio of 2.0 differ by 3 dB.Two PSD levelsthat have a ratio of 0.5 differ by 3 dB.3.2.4 equalizationadjustment or correction of the ampli-tude characteristics of an electronic control signal throughout adesired frequency range to maintain a desired vibration outputspectrum and level.3.2.5 equalizerinstrumentation used to conduct equaliza-tion.3.2.6 mean-squarethe time average of the square of afunction.3.2.7 open loopa condition of control where the input of asystem is preestablished and is not affected by the output orresponse of the system.3.2.8 overall g rmsthe square root of the integral of powerspectral density over the total frequency range.3.2.9 periodic vibrationan oscillation whose waveformrepeats at equal increments of time.3.2.10 power spectral density(PSD)an expression ofrandom vibration in terms of mean-square acceleration per unitof frequency.The units are g2/Hz(g2/cycles/s).Power spectraldensity is the limit of the mean square amplitude in a givenrectangular band divided by the bandwidth,as the bandwidthapproaches zero.3.2.11 random vibrationan oscillation whose instanta-neous amplitude is not prescribed for any given instant in time.The instantaneous amplitudes of a random vibration areprescribed by a probability distribution function,the integral of1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on ShippingContainers and Systems-Application of Performance Test Methods.Current edition approved April 1,2012.Published May 2012.Originallypublished as D-10 Proposal P 186.Last previous edition approved in 2006 asD4728 01(2006).DOI:10.1520/D4728-06R12.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis test method.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO),1,ch.dela Voie-Creuse,CP 56,CH-1211 Geneva 20,Switzerland,http:/www.iso.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 which over a given amplitude range will give the probablepercentage of time that the amplitude will fall within thatrange.Random vibration contains no periodic or quasi-periodicconstituent.If random vibration has instantaneous magnitudesthat occur according to the Gaussian distribution,it is called“Gaussian random vibration.”Gaussian random vibration hasthe property that the rms